Ruth Wilson Gilmore argues that whiteness is not just about skin color but a system that gives certain groups power, privilege and even economic advantages. Racism exists because it benefits a certain demographic while marginalizing another, if society where to stop proceeding in those advantages maybe racism would stop.
Gilmore says the prison system creates new criminals by putting that label on them and making it harder for them to rebuild their lives after release. Formerly incarcerated individuals face struggles after getting released with housing, employment and education which can push them back into old habits with that label “criminal” being created. I agree with her views because the system often punishes even after being released.
I understand liberation struggles as an effort to build a society based on justice, equality and rights rather than punishment, advantage and exploitation. It means addressing the root of the problems so everyone and every demographic can thrive.
Mlk states law is just one law that lines up with moral law and treats all people of color with dignity and equality, while a unjust law is that unfair and harms human rights and dignity targeting a certain demographic group. So the overall difference comes down to fairness, equality and whether law chooses to respect those human rights.
I think distinction is important because it can shape whether someone feels obligated to follow a law or speak out and turn against it. It can affect how society rules the justice and fairness they’re getting which can lead to bigger things like protests and rallies. Politically it plays a big role in things like voting or policy changes because it can challenge the government and political party to rethink unfair laws.
An example of a just law would be laws that protect voting rights. These are meant to create equal access to voting for all citizens and prevent discrimination in the process. These laws support the fairness and equality which is what mlk definition of justice talks about.
In the Wal-Mart v. Dukes, the supreme court rejected the class action lawsuit stating the plaintiffs did not meet the requirement of commonality, meaning all members of the lawsuit must share a common legal claim in the same policy or practice. The court argued that the woman that brings this case did not meet that requirement because wal mart did not have a centralized policy of discrimination but instead managers where able to to force discipline over things like promotions or pay. Because of these experience the court basically stated they did not have enough to treat it as a one class lawsuit.
The court system is better at protecting individuals because judges are not elected, so they dont have to worry about public opinion or reflection. This lets them focus on the constitution instead of popularity. Elected officials like the congress might pass laws that most people support, even if those laws are unfair to certain groups. A good example would be brown vs board of education, where the Supreme Court ended school segregation even though many people disagreed.
the Supreme Court can seem that way because of justices that are not elected but appointed for life. That means people dont directly vote for them, but thinkers like James Madison supported this system because they worried the “tyranny of thee majority” where majority could take away rights from smaller groups.
These wars fight non state actors which are terrorist groups or individuals, no clear battlefield, no duration on when the war is set to end or confusing lines between military and law enforcement.
They help tap multiple devices of a suspect without getting a warrant each time. This can violate fourth amendment rights for unreasonable searches, not being informed to the individual on what’s being searched for and where and being known for tapping innocent citizens communications.
They can search a home or business delaying notifying the owner. This can be controversial because the fourth amendment law requires people to know when their property is being searched.
The establishment clause says the government cannot create a favor or religion and the lemon test decides if government action is allowed .
Yes it’s protected by as a symbolic speech under a first amendment. For example the Texas vs. Johnson case with the Supreme Court ruling the burning flags expresses political ideas and can not be banned just for offending people.
Refusing a question to avoid self harm or incrimination. This comes from the fifth amendment right against being forced to testify against yourself.
In the federal system citizens participate in the government on different levels like nation, state or local elections. In a unitary system the most power is usually held by the national government which citizen don’t have that much influence over so they go more towards central government. Lastly in a confederation system, most power is held by states so citizens influence their state government more than national.
Division of power means the authority is shared between different levels of government. In the u.s. the federal government handles national issues like immigration and state government handles education. These prevent from power being over powered in one place.
The federal government influences state or local governments through things like funding and policies. For example during Covid the federal government influenced nyc by setting public health guidelines through cdc. The cdc was able to issue rules on wearing masks, social distancing and safety regulations to help slow down the virus.
Faction reminds me of political parties. A faction is a group of people who share the same interests or beliefs that can influence government decisions. Political parties organize and share same beliefs or ideas to be able to push out there agenda aka a faction.
Madison state’s wealth comes from diversity in the faculties of men, faculties meaning people natural talents and resources. He basically states that all people have different abilities and qualities that will acquire different amounts of commodities, better abilities more wealth.
I disagree, in Madison’s explanation he states that people’s faculties gain more traction , however i think it’s more complex than that, I think especially in early America and even today’s it’s also based on social factors like race, education , inheritance and environment. Yes natural talents play a role but the economic inequality is what mostly plays a role in society shaping advantages and disadvantages just based on how they look or come from.
the first object of government is the protection of different faculties, Which meant protecting property mostly. In today’s America that can look a different, it can be protecting civil rights, keeping welfare or education, and providing human rights. Madison main focus was on protecting property.
No, in federalist 10, Madison argues that democracy which is lower class can overpower minority rights. The constitution main goal was to protect property and stop factions from taking control of it. A republic was voted to keep citizens from voting, creating a system to limit majority votes and reduce conflict.
The constitution was written by the upper class which are people who owned property, money, or businesses. The classes that was excluded was mostly lower class which included people like farmers, slaves and labor workers.
it was different, in early America slavery was legal, poorer people had no political power or less education and women had no rights and , less careers. Versus today everyone can wrote, there are more equal rights and education and slavery is illegal.
they were afraid the lower class would gain political power with things like raising taxes or canceling debts. In early America and today power people were the majority which gives them control, which is why they. Created a system to control power and property.
One statistic that stood is that about 50% of American own 2% of the country’s wealth. I think its insane to think that so average earning Americans get so little especially with all there labor going into these commodities.
Wealth gaps make it hard for most Americans to get good jobs, healthcare and education. You see it everyday for example, the fashion designers being able to host a met gala ever-year, while across the street there is someone trying to ration there 2 week paycheck planning out what groceries they can afford until there next pay.
