According to the videos and reading provided in this module, the mmm diagram shows how capitalists maintain and increase their wealth. M stands for money which is what a capitalist starts with to buy commodities aka materials (C). Workers then use those productions to create new materials which are sold for more money than the capitalist originally invested in. The final amount (M) equals the surplus value. Surplus value comes from extra labor and is often unpaid. Workers produce more value with their labor and capitalist keep the profits. This repeating cycle of buying  to just sell more is how capitalist grow there wealth.

Similarities and differences in social class

1. The reading explains that social class is not just about money but hat social class issues thing like income, education, and living condition to group people in society. Social class can be defined an many different ways, for example a lot of people defined social class on how people perceive themselves when it comes to their lifestyle or income while others look at in a more objective way with culture, education, and sometimes even race.

NYC Train Social Class

2. Based of reading 4.1 and me living in les manhattan , I would say its a mixed of both. In my neighborhood specificall my building where built for the lower income families, but since I live In manhattan a borough built for the more fortunate, we are surrounded by nicer building and higher income social class people that we see walk out they building and take the train with us everyday. I think it explains social class so well with how they just impact communities and our daily living with them choosing to build instead of help while prices of food go up, and affording healthcare gets more difficult

General patterns recognized in social class

3. A common pattern recognized is that a lot of people still identify themselves as middle class, even with statistics and income, even with big differences people still based there social class on comparison and identity rather than their income.

1. Owners are people who make money of other people’s work, like company bosses or investors. Employees are the ones who physically do the work and getting paid. For example a McDonalds ceo would be the owner while the employee can be the one prepping the food.
2. It basically states that the real value of money comes from the work people invest into it, that it’s not just money but the effort and hard work that is needed from the workers to keep businesses going.
3. I agreed with it, social class doesn’t just have to be a label, it can also be about your role in this economy, how it affects you and your daily life.
4. It was more about dependency, how workers and bosses both need each other to make money or else it won’t work.

1. RSA institutions that maintain control through force or threat, examples include the police, military, prisons, and the court system. Althusser calls it repressive because it legally enforces rules that cause punishment if disobeyed, for example police arresting protestors or activists because it breaks the law.

2. ISAs are institutions that control people, ideas, beliefs, and opinion, rather than force. Example of institutions like these are churches, social media, family, and friends. These institutions shape how people think and behave making them voluntarily shape their ideology based on the institutions beliefs because they are not being forced. An example of this can be families teaching children to obey their moral rules or follow traditions, like praying, going to church and, behaving a retain way there religion seems fit.

3. RSA makes people follow rules by punishment while ISA makes people follow rules by shaping there beliefs and values.

4. an example of this can be a perfume ad showing that using a certain fragrance can make you more attractive and gain more attention. This is an example of ISA teaching you what to desire and what’s valued in society.

1. Ideology is a set of beliefs and ideas that shape how people see the world and how society should function. It influences a person’s beliefs with how people think about things like politics, social norms and justice. Ideology operates on our daily life even when we are not aware influencing our opinions, reactions and behaviors. For example, the belief that Schools provide equal opportunities for all students is part of common ideology and beliefs in certain people in the United States. This idea supports the belief that students who are academically successful are so because they worked hard while those who struggle are doing so due to the lack of effort. Overall, from all the information I gathered from watching the videos in reading the passages I understand that ideology is something that is learning through institutions comic from an early age that effect your daily life like family, school, religion, social media, and even the government.

2. The main difference between conservative and liberal ideology In US politics is mainly how much government involvement they think is necessary. Liberals usually support the government be more active in today’s society, and wanting more support in social and economic and inequalities which can be things like healthcare, school systems and racial discrimination, while conservatives Tend to believe in less government interaction. An example of this can be seen in the healthcare system. Liberals tend to support and want more government involvement regarding things like insurance and medical care while, conservatives argued that healthcare should be handled more by private companies and too much involvement can lead to hire a cost. This example shows how ideologies influence personal views with how they grew up in their society.

3. Althusser believes ideology is how people are taught to see the world and understand their place in it. Instead of it be something we chose to believe is more of the experience we go through and the institutions we interact with everyday like schools, families, hospitals, and the media. These institution’s shaped how we think without even noticing it for example political messages often encourages people to believe that voting is one of the main ways we can create change in today’s society, This idea can make people feel like they’ve done their part even when there are deeper social economic problems still remaining . This shows a clear example of how a political system shapes how people understand their roles as citizens and how added ideology works in everyday life.