1. The social class that wrote the constitution were the wealthy elites. The ones who were big landowners, merchants, and bankers. The class that was excluded were the native Americans, women, indentured servants, and men who lacked enough property to vote. For example the laborers and farmers etc that were considered poor wouldn’t be able to have a say. Due to this, the wealthy class shaped the new government
2. I would say the social class structure is different from today because the early United States society were mostly divided into different categories and based off of several factors. There were rules of what people could do and couldn’t do. If a specific group of people wanted to do something for example vote they couldn’t because of what they were considered as or couldn’t meet the standards. Now it’s different, there’s still differences between people but now are able to participate in politics. Now it doesn’t matter if you’re wealthy or not people now have the right to choose
3. the people who wrote the constitution were so afraid of democracy because the poor people would gain power and would be able to change they way things are for the wealthy. With the wealthy having most of the political power, they could decide how things can work in a way that will continue benefiting them and being wealthy. If the poor people are able to to have a say, things will change and it won’t be the wealthy benefiting anymore but also the poor too

1. A concept that we have already discussed that reminds me of faction is social class. It’s a group where people share or have the same interests
2. According to federalist #10 Madison mentions the source of wealth is having different talents and abilities. A factor that can explain why some people get to posses wealth and others do not is by the way their able to do their work. How much and what they know to do can play a big role because people with certain skills can increase their wealth based on what they do. Someone who works for what they know and how they do their work can be seen and rewarded.
3. I don’t agree with the expkaintipm of wealth and poverty because there’s several reasons as to why people might not have wealth. Everyone has different things surrounding them. A person who has opportunities, education, and career, another person won’t have the same as they do
4. The first object of the US government is to protect people’s ability to get properties and their rights. This somewhat surprised me because I think of the government protecting everyone as a whole and their rights instead of protecting property
5. I’m not surprised that federalist 10 is not in favor of democracy. People have different interests and opinions based on their class. There could be a reason as to why democracy isn’t what he choose and it could be that there’s some people who would like to benefit for themselves while others aren’t and instead it causing more harm than good

1. The means of production is the resources that are used to make something out of it. For example in a movie production, the production would be the cameras, lights, and microphones. Labor is the actual process of someone putting effort into making something so in this example it would be the actors acting and directors etc making the movie to be possible, also connecting to what the video mentioned about Marx stating “labor is the only thing that can increase the value of what you have”.
2. Value is something that can be put a lot into. Time and effort is what “value” gives to value. The effort and time someone puts into making something is what makes it more valuable
3. Labor and value are connected because if there’s no labor it wouldn’t have much value to it. A machine could easily make something fast and it wouldn’t be as valuable as to what an actual person can make with how much time and energy they put imho what they’re making
4. Based on the video, labor is the actual action of someone working and labor power is a persons capability of being able to work
5. Surplus is the value on top of the value it took you to get there. It goes unpaid for the worker while the owner is benefiting from it. It’s important because it can give us an understanding of how laws can be made in terms of labor

Capitalists maintain and increase their wealth because once they have the money they can make investments, they can have everything. It’s like a loop so they would buy whatever they need for their business and when they get more money they improve everything else, this makes them gain more wealth as time goes by. They have their business, with good improvements, after this they profit more than what they started with. This keeps on going and keep their wealth

1. A wealth inequality in the U.S that made the biggest impression on me was “the top 1%of Americans own between 40 and 50% of the nations total wealth, more than the combined wealth of the bottom 90%”. This was because it shows how unequal wealth is in the U.S. it’s very surprising to see how a small percentage can have more than the rest of the population, while there’s other countries that would like to see others around them win too
2. Some implications of living in a society that has such huge wealth inequalities can be the opportunities some can have. Depending on whether or not they have money or not, it can shape how and who they are. An example of this being played out in our everyday life can be jobs or schools. Someone who has money can have better access to these things while someone who doesn’t have money may struggle with it leading them to less compared to the ones who can have easy access to it.

The station closest to where I live is the M line in queens. I’d say the social class that live in my neighborhood would be middle class. I’m not really surprised because there’s a lot of diversity, so many people doing their own kind of thing while others are doing something else completely different like jobs and hobbies. I feel like it is an accurate representation of the people living in my neighborhood because it can be a certain kind of place where it’s a specific way but another area it can be a different one. It’s all different and I think that’s what makes it a middle class since there’s a mix of incomes, backgrounds and education.

1. The distinction that reading 4.3 makes between owners and employees is the actual work they do. The text mentions how an owner can have a company and they benefit from the workers that are doing the work for them. Employees work for companies and live off wages and salaries while owners live off of what they have already had like investments.
2. I understand the quote by Adam Smith like the value of a product that’s made by someone has a greater value than the money being put into it. Labor is what makes everything go well. If there’s no one putting effort into the product they’re making it won’t go anywhere.
3. I agree with the argument because class isn’t an identity that can be labeled as, since there are several factors in each group of people that differ from their economic situation and the type of work they do.
4. I understand the quote “class structures are built around a close form of dependency” like each person has their own personal jobs and that’s how they rely on each other for economic stability.
   

1. Ideology is a belief that people have about the roles and different ways the government chooses to do things. It can also include how involved the governments can be with the people and their communities. For example one of the videos we saw it demonstrated how schools, churches, and a product demonstration all have the same layout and it mentioned how schools were one of the biggest ideological state apparatus.
   
2. I understand the conservatives as them wanting their own liberty as to what they want to do. They don’t want much of the government’s involvement as they would want their own personal responsibility. Liberals want equal opportunity for everyone and the taxes, they want it to go towards things that are reasonable in which are helping everyone. I think some of the big differences would be the fairness or one being more mindful of the community. There’s some that want the good for everyone and equal things. Then there are others that’d like their own things and opportunities.
   
3. I understand Althusser’s definition of ideology like people trying to follow society as it is. There’s several things that may be a certain way and the people follow it as it goes. The way we act because of the way the beliefs of the government is, is how we should act against they way we’d like to.

1. Repressive state apparatus is the public institution using the threat of violence against people to control. I think he calls it repressive because of the actual word meaning “holding down” so it could mean they want to feel entitled in a way so the people can obey in certain situations.
   
2. ideological state apparatus is the part of society wanting you to think a certain way. Including how things work in a society

3. The repressive and ideological state apparatus are different from each other because one of them is involved with physical activity and the other one is how something makes you think.

4. An example can be the movie “the matrix” it shows it can be an ideological apparatus because they’re in a reality that’s fake. They don’t want the people to realize or fight back so they use a simulation. It also shows how they make it a way of them not wanting others to get the reality.