Read Davis & Thompson (2014) and Diener (2021), complete this handout as you read
Davis & Thompson (2014)Link to Diener 2021 reading
Watch the video What Babies Learn Before They are Born, complete this handout while watching the video.
Watch the video Prenatal to Birth (the video is available from BMCC’s Library video data base Films on Demand, follow the steps on this handout or in this video to locate the video; I suggest completing this handout as you watch the video)
Answer the questions below including specific references to the videos and readings in this activity:
- Think about specific parents and grandparents you know.
- How do the challenges they face as parents differ based on the age of their children?
- Do your observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting? How?
- What contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacted their parenting behaviors? How?
- Based on fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, what impact could the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic (not the virus) have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults?
Reply to 1-2 other comments!
1. 1) The challenges parents may face in the infants and toddler stage, is that they cannot set schedules for anything. Everything will depend on the child’s needs and condition. At school age, the parenting become more like teaching right from wrong, rules, and consequences for their behavior and actions. It becomes like more of learning ruler in their life. As they become teenagers, it will become very difficult for parents, because children are beginning to grow up and have their opinions and interest that sometimes do not correspond to the ideas of the parents. When children become Adults, after the parents feel like they completed the task of learning in their children lives, they are in their lives to support them and be there for them whenever the child needs.
2) Yes, my observation fits with Galinsky’s theory, because I saw four of the six stages, he talks about in my observation which are The Nurturing Stage, The Interpretive Stage, The Interdependent Stage, The Departure Stage.
3) I think the most common factors that impacted parenting behaviors, it is the ideal image of parenting, and the expectation of ideal child. Not understand each child is different.
2. based on the fetal programming theory, exposure to COVID pandemic will affect the babies. By increase the risk of premature birth and who can pose risk to the baby, it will affect the developing of fetal brain and stress system which affect baby cognitive development. Also, as children it increases their risk of depression and anxiety, it affected their cognitive functions, such as memory, planning, and attentions. As teens and adults, it will increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease.
Hi Elizabeth, I agree due to high stress level during this pandemic babies are more like to be born premature.
Hey Elizabeth. I agree with your statements and definitely wanted to further agree with your comment on how this pandemic can cause depression and anxiety as I have a friend who miscarried during this time due to what’s going on. it sucks but its very clear the impacts this brings.
Elizabeth, Thanks for your comment in this activity. You mention the representation of the child as a determinant of a parent’s behavior; how a parent imagines their child or thinks of their child will impact their behavior toward that child. I wonder, what other sociocultural contexts and contextual factors can impact a parent’s behavior? Your responses connects the developmental stages of childhood to the family’s behavior. A I wonder, can you think of a specific family that you can answer question # 1 about? I wonder, how specifically did you see Galinksy’s stages demonstrated by the family? How do the readings and videos in this module specifically connect to your comment? I wonder, why do you think exposure to the COVID pandemic will increase premature birth and prenatal brain development? What makes you think that will happen?
1) The challenges parents face differing based on the age of the children because at different ages you have to be prepared for certain things. For example, when children are toddlers you have to be prepared for them to start school and be more exposed to the outside world. When children become teenagers, you have to be prepared for them to get jobs and having romantic relationships. When children become adults. you have to be prepared for them to step out into the world on their own.
My observations did fit Galinsky’s stages of parenting, specifically the departure stage. I have heard other parents and grandparents say that they were not ready for the child to leave the home and they had to let them experience life on their own.
I think some contextual factors and sociocultural that impacted their parenting behaviors would be to have to live up to the ideal image of parenting. A lot of people seem to understand that each child is different. Also, children are born in different cultures, so sometimes parents will teach their children different beliefs and things of that nature, so what children choose to believe in may be different than other children.
2) Based on fetal programming, the Covid 19 pandemic could have a big impact on children, teens, and adults. One way would be mental health. Some people might end up becoming so depressed that they start to think suicidal thoughts and might use certain things for comfort like food and drugs and alcohol. This could increase the risk of obesity and addiction.
Hi Diamunique,
I agree that at different ages we do have to be prepared for certain things because everything in life if you think about it, its different stages and its a process and a transformation that we have to get accustomed too. When were younger we are preparing for school but as we enter our teens/young adult stage we have to be prepared to work and be more responsible and independent.
Diamunique — Thanks for posting your comment in this activity. I wonder, can you think about and share the experiences of a specific family? Many families are not ready for their children to leave home — to start school or their own life as an adult; thinking back to a specific family, I wonder, can you describe how you saw Galinksy’s stages of parenting development represented in that family? A family’s image of their child affects their parenting behavior; what other sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the parenting behavior of the family you are thinking of? The COVID pandemic is impacting our mental health; I wonder, how will that impact fetus who are gestating during the pandemic? I wonder, how does your comment specifically connect to the videos & readings in this activity?
1) As children grow older parents are faced with different challenges. As a child grows up and changes they begin to find their own identity. when children are first born parents are in the beginning stages of parenting . Parents are learning how to readjust their lives having a new born because during this time the child is completely dependent on the parent . when children are around ages 2-4 make decisions about how much authority to exert over their children’s behavior. Parents must establish rules to guide their child’s behavior and development. There are different stages of parent and child development during parenthood. eventually a child becomes an adult and this is where you evaluate all of your parenting as you get ready for your child to go off and be on their own . This is also the time where a parent changes their identity yet again as an adult with a now adult child.
I think contextual factors and sociocultural context definitely have an effect on parenting behaviors. According to the article The Developing Parent Latina mothers who perceived their neighborhood as more dangerous showed less warmth with their children, perhaps because of the greater stress associated with living a threatening environment. I would have to disagree with that i feel like if you live in a neighborhood that is considered dangerous, wouldn’t you as a parent become more protective of your child . I am sure it would be stressful but as a parent your main goal would be to protect your child.
I agree with galinskys 6 stages of parenting as children develop and grow into their own person parents also change and take on different roles to adjust to the needs of their children.
2) Fetal exposure to COVID pandemic could possibly have a negative affect on the development and health of adults, teens, children, and babies. The pandemic has led to a dramatic change economically in many families. A lot of parents lost their jobs and were barely able to support their family. This could lead to parents having to deal with stress and depression . Children a like sponges they absorb everything around them which is how they learn. They can also pick up on a parents mood causing them to stress and worry. This could also be long term causing them to fall into depression or even develop anxiety.
Hi Brittney, I agree children are like sponges and they do absorb everything around them. This is a highly stressful time for the world and child can feed off the energy.
Brittney — Thanks for your comment in this activity. You provided an overview of the stages of parenting & the developmental processes that families go through when parenting a child. I wonder, can you think of a specific family where you have observed adults go through some of Gallinsky’s stages? What exactly happened in their family? What contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacted their parenting behavior? You share important points about the impact of the pandemic; based on what you learned about fetal origins theory, I wonder, what impact will the pandemic have on fetus who are developing now in uetro? I wonder, how does your comment specifically connect to the videos and readings in this module?
1.everyone being raised in different times and all prepare their children differently.All parents have to prepare their children to go into the world such as watching new parents try to making their work schedule work balancing everything out.When you baby starts growing you teaching them daily must such as brushing teeth and etc.
a)My observation did fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting because of the stages such as authority, Interpretive, Independent, that children need parents who are able to set boundaries and find discipline methods.
b)Contextual factors and sociocultural contexts do have an impact on parenting behaviors would be that in every culture they got beliefs, because I have heard some while being in a Mexican household.
2)Based on fetal programming and fetal origins theory the impacts that an fetal exposure to COVID pandemic have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults would be that quick development would have consequences on their health and disease risk.Also during this pandemic people get stressed, depressed and etc due to having to be in one place but as well some people jobs closed which can lead to the parents acting different and of course their children watch all this change and perhaps pick these habits later in their future.
Hi Lesly, I agree with you, its true everybody raised their children different, and prepare them for different things depending on the parents view of life.
Lesly — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Families do engage in a juggling act when parenting. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How does what you observed connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the family? The pandemic is impacting people in many ways; I wonder, what impact do you think the pandemic will have on fetuses who are developing in uetro during the pandemic? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1. Many parents raise their kids in different times and prepare them different as well. Parents worry about preparing their kids to go out in the world and become independent and it is similar to watching new parents. New parents try to balance their lives due to having a new born. they try to balance work and taking care of their kids. Most of the times they do not set a schedule to do certain things.
A. My observation does fit with Galinsky’s stage of parenting because I saw 4 of the six stages she spoke about which were the Nurturing Stage, the Interpretive Stage, the Interdependent Stage, and the Departure Stage.
B. What impacts parents behavior is the ideal image of parenting and having the ideal child. Not a lot of people seem to understand that children are born in different cultures which means that their parents raise them to believe in different beliefs.
2) Based on the fetal programing, exposure to COVID-19 can have a negative affects on the health and development of babies, adults, children, and teens. Many people have lost their jobs which meant that they couldn’t support their families and it lead them to live in the streets because they couldn’t afford for their rents. This leads to stress and depression and children see that and they learn whats going on around their surroundings and could also become stress and depression.
I agree with setting a schedule most parents try to work out a schedule but there are so many unknowns that happen that it never really works out.
Madelin — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Many families do worry about being “good” parents and how their child will be. A family’s image of their parenting and their child can impact their parenting. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How did the family demonstrate the 4 of Galinksy’s stages of parenthood that you observed? How did the family demonstrate those stages? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the family? The pandemic is impacting people in many ways; I wonder, what impact do you think the pandemic will have on fetuses who are developing in uetro during the pandemic? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1.The challenges parents face differ base on the age of the child. A new born baby has to be attended to all the time, to form secure attachments, while a teenage who be more interdependent, the parent would have to do less for the child while an infant to completely dependent.
2. Yes my observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting. He talks about the Nurturing stage and the interdependent stages, as the child gets older the parent has to do less for the child.
3. Contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacts parenting behaviors, based on their cultural norms and the way how they were raise and how effective they feel the parenting methods use on them are.
2. Based on fetal programing/ Fetal origins theory, the exposure to COVID-19 pandemic may cause health problem such as high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity . This time is a highly stressful time and mothers and not going out more often as before due to the pandemic, as a result less exercise. As the video state babies starts learning from inside the womb, so when born they expects this to be the world to be the way it was when they were inside.
Hi Shemella,
I definitely agree that due to the pandemic this can become a stressful time and mothers are not getting out more often as they should because they are scared.
Mel — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. I appreciate your thoughtful insights about the impact of the COVID pandemic on fetus. Because many wimmin cannot exercise as they normally would, we have to wait and see what the impact will be. I wonder, what could the impact of the stress of the pandemic be in relation to fetal origins theory? Cultural norms and beliefs as well as how you were raised have a significant impact on parenting behavior. I wonder, can you share specific examples from a specific family you know? Can you also share what challenges did that family faced connected to the age of their child? How does what you observed with that family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1) Parents have their own unique way for raising their child. For example, an infant has different needs than a teenage would have. An infant needs constant care and attention whereas a teenager may want to have more space from their parent instead of having them hovering over them all the time. My observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting because parents at the infant stage of life are giving more attention and trying to establish a stronger connection with the child. with teens, the parents already have that relationship but now they are trying to establish a new relationship with a teenager. The parents have to adjust their parenting to fit the needs of a teenager now. The contextual factors and sociocultural factors that can impact their method of parenting is how the child acts during a specific stage of life. If parents have a child that is more calm this will make the parents feel like they are doing a good job at raising their child, causing them to be more happy and dedicated to their child. If they have a baby that is fussy all the time, this could make them feel like they aren’t doing a good job, causing them later in life to be unhappy and stressed out. This behavior can also lead to them becoming more impatient with their child. If they have a teenager the same thing applies. If the teen feels like they can express themselves and is happier then the parents will feel like they are doing a good job. If the opposite happens then they could feel lost and unsure about how they are handling them being a teenager.
2) I think that fetuses born during COVID times could experience a different type of relationship with their mother. I think that they could possibly know when their mother is feeling stressed even after they are born. They will probably be bonded to their mothers like never before. I think this could play a huge part later in their lives when they start going off to school. I think that they will have tons of separation anxiety and stranger anxiety. This could then translate into more stress and anxiety as they continue to get older and in their adulthood as well. I think that they could also experience more depression and possibly more suicidal thoughts and tendencies. Depending on when they are born, the world that they experienced in utero may not be the same as the one they experienced outside. This could lead to diabetes, heart issues, and general health issues over all.
Zoe — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. The needs of a child do change as they age, and families typically respond to those needs. The temperament and other chararacteristics of a child impact a parent’s behavior. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How does what you observed connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the family? The pandemic is impacting people in many ways and can impact the relationship babies have with their families after they are born. Fetuses exposed to the COVID pandemic could grow up to have health issues; from the perspective of fetal origins theory, I wonder, why do you think they will have health issues? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
Think about different parents and grandparents you know.
1.How do the challenges they face as parents differ based on the age of their children? Everyone raises their children differently but when it comes to raising an infant, infants need care and guidance at all times because they are not able to fend for themselves but with teenagers you are just guiding them onto their own path.
2.Do your observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting? How? Yes, my observations fit with Galinsky’s stage of parenting. Specifically with the way he discusses the nurturing and interdependent stages.
3.What contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacted their parenting behaviors? How? I think that the contextual factors and sociocultural contexts would be how every culture is different in the aspect of their beliefs and what they believe.
4.Based on fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, what impact could the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic (not the virus) have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults? The fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic can cause health issues to babies, children, teens and adults. Mentally and physically they can feel overwhelmed or stressed with the lack of exercise when it comes to their daily routine and not enough exercise can cause obesity. Obviously due to the pandemic there has been a lot of women who recently became pregnant and has lost their job so that can definitely put a strain on the household and cause a lot of stress on the mother to be.
Hi Selanie, I agree that everyone raises their children differently. Infants and teenagers need different types of care and guidance.
Selanie — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Each family does raise their child differently — sometimes their may be differences between how child #1 versus child #2 or #3 is raised. The child’s age impacts parenting behaviors. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How does what you observed with that specific family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted that specific family? The pandemic is impacting people in many ways. You mention the lack of exercise and stress; I wonder, what impact do you think the stress and lack of exercise caused by the pandemic will have on fetuses who are developing in uetro during the pandemic? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1A. The challenges parents face based on the age of their child are different as the child grows up. As the child grows up the parents have to learn new things and adapt to help their child grow and as time goes by the child slowly starts to become more independent.
1B. My observations do fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting because parents learn to adapt as the child grows. Galinsky talks about different stages a parent goes through as their child grows up and how each stage is different. Galinsky starts off with the first stage which is “The Image-Making Stage”, where the parent imagines what it will be like to raise a child and plan for the future ahead. Galinsky mentions the “Authority Stage” where the parents create certain rules for the child to follow and figure out how to guide their behavior. As the child grows up they learn new things and slowly the child starts to become independent and form relationships with other adolescents and will departure.
1C. Contextual factors and sociocultural contexts do have an impact on parenting behaviors because it depends where the child grew up, the school they were enrolled in and the type of relationships they made, parents are not around those settings so the child will behave differently or not. In every culture they have different beliefs and norms.
2. Based on the fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, the exposure to COVID-19 pandemic will have a negative affect on babies, children, teens and adults development and health. Due to the pandemic many families have lost their job and are currently unemployed and have lost source of income this can lead to them being stressed. A baby can absorb what the parent is feeling and become more fussy but also since the parent is home they could become attached and this would affect them growing up and become more dependent on the parent . Children and teens are not exposed to the outside world and affect their communication skills and relationship-building.
Brenda — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Families do adapt as their child ages. Where a family lives, the school a child attends, etc. are factors that impact parenting behaviors. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How does what you observed specific to that family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted that specific family? The pandemic is impacting people in many way. You mention that a a baby could be more fussy if they were prenatally exposed to the COVID pandemic. I wonder, could you explain the connection between the baby’s fussiness and prenatal exposure to the pandemic? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1. Think about different parents and grandparents you know.
How do the challenges they face as parents differ based on the age of their children? The challenges parents face based on the age of their children are different because, as the child grows up they required a different type of care, for example, babies required more attention because they are more dependent on the parent, when they are toddlers parents must teach them about the outside world and house rules, and when the child becomes an adult, the parents should be prepared for their independence. Parent’s tasks change over time as their children grow.
Do your observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting? How? Yes, my observations fit with Galinsky’s parenting stages specifically in the age of authority, where parents create some rules to raise and guide their children.
What contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacted their parenting behaviors? How? I think the different cultures because every culture got its own beliefs and ways to raise their children.
2. Based on fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, what impact could the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic (not the virus) have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults? The fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic can lead to mental and health problems because a lot of families have lost their jobs, relatives, and some do not have the opportunity to eat properly because they are unemployed so this situation cause stress, the risk of premature birth and later health problems as diabetes, obesity, etc.
Daniela — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Children do require different levels of care & supervision as they grow. Cultural beliefs impact how people raise their children. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face as parents related to the age of their child? How does what you observed with that specific family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the family? The pandemic is impacting people in many ways. You mention that prenatal exposure to COVID can lead to prematurity, health and mental health problems later in life due to poor nutrition and stress; I wonder, can yu explain the specific connection between the prenatal exposure to the pandemic and the later health & mental health consequences? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & videos in this module?
1.-Think about different parents and grandparents you know.
1.- How do the challenges they face as parents differ based on the age of their children?
Being a parent is a hard because they must respond and develop new skills and abilities in response to children’s development. They need to face various challenges as they children grow. Depending on the child age, parents change the strategies they use to raise their children.
2.- Do your observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting? How?
My observation fit with Galinsky’s stage of parenting perfectly. I like the fact that the stages are based on disciplinary methods as the child is growing. In addition, the stages are based on love and care when parents respond to the child needs. For instance, my parents experienced all the stages with me, they execute the different tasks and reached their goals. They build their parenthood, and they feel like their parenthood job is done. They guide me and support me until I became a professional and I could live by myself. They made an incredible contribution into my child development.
3.- What contextual factors and sociocultural contexts impacted their parenting behaviors? How?
Factors and sociocultural context such economic hardship, religion, politics, neighborhoods, schools, and social support impact parenting behaviors. For example, parents who raise their children in a poor neighborhood unfortunately do not have the same opportunities and do not receive the social support that they need in order to give their children a successful education system. Consequently, all these factors will affect their parenting skills and they will feel sad, depress and frustrated.
2.- Based on fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, what impact could the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic (not the virus) have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults?
In my opinion, fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic can impact in different ways. If the mother was expose to moderate elevations of stress, this cannot affect the children’s cognitive development. On the other hand, a mother who gets exposed to a high level of stress that caused a post-traumatic stress syndrome can pass a vulnerable condition to her children while he is still in her utero, for the baby is more likely to be born premature. However, he can feel awareness or give quick responses to danger. As Annie Murphy Paul suggested in the TED talk “What we learn before we’re born”, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it is a wild world out there.
Marcela — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. You mention material from the Murphy Paul TED Talk in your comment. Parenting is challenging & parents face challenges with each stage of a child’s development. Socioeconomic status, religion, where families live, their support networks, political beliefs, etc. are sociocultural contexts that impact parenting behaviors . I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what challenges did they face related to the age of their child? How does what you observed in that specific family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted that particular family’s parenting behavior? Yes, we learn before we are born. You mention the impact the stress of the pandemic as leading to premature birth, impacting cognitive development & causing hyperreactivity; I wonder, can you make the connection between how prenatal exposure to the pandemic can cause premature birth, effect cognitive development, and lead to hyperreactivity? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & other videos in this module?
1. Challenges parents face differ based on the age of children, because children continue to grow and start facing reality and that comes with levels whereas dealing with an infant or toddler they are mostly dependent and need to proper and consistent care, and attention, whereas to a teenager, this is where they start becoming a person of their own with a more understanding of the world and just a tad of guidance from you as a parent, then there is an adult where parents are more so letting their kids go into the world to be on their own, not that help cant be needed, but more so completely independent and not relying on their parents.
A. My observations do fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting. For example, He spoke about the Nurturing stage and the interdependent stages. Eventually as the child gets older, the child develops more experience and knowledge, leading the parent to arrive at stages where they do less for them.
B. Some contextual factors and sociocultural context that impact parenting behaviors are religion, neighborhoods, or even school. For example, parents who raise their children with some type of religion may affect a child and how they act because they are told what to do and what not to do as a walk of guidance throughout life which could or could not affect them in other environments. On school grounds, your kids are bound to be social and learn about the world and the many different cultures and people which may affect your child as well. There are also rich or poor neighborhoods which affect parenting in that some people don’t have the same opportunities others do and some may just have more which clearly can affect how they raise their kids.
2. Based on fetal programming/ fetal origins theory, the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic can have various impacts. For example not being able to step out, being unemployed can cause different levels of stress which can affect your health and while pregnant can cause premature birth. Murphy Paul stated in the TED talk “What we learn before we’re born”, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it is a wild world out there.” so fetuses can feel and get an understanding of what is good, what is bad, when danger is coming or simply if even something good is happening.
Marielys — Thanks for sharing your comment in this activity. Parenting changes based on a child’s age. Religious practices and where a family lives are sociocultural contexts and contextual factors that impact parenting. I wonder, can you think of and share about a specific family you know? For that family, what specific challenges did they face related to the age of their child & as their child grew? How does what you observed of that specific family connect to Galinksy’s stages of parenthood? What sociocultural contexts and contextual factors impacted the particular family? We do learn before we are born and receive multiple messages from the environment; I wonder, what messages & impact do you think the pandemic will have on fetuses who are developing in uetro during the pandemic? How does your comment specifically connect to the readings & other videos in this module?
Hi Marielys,
I definitely agree with you when you say that once you are older and come to reality your more independent vs. being an infant you need to depend on others.
It’s a learning field for infant and toddlers even when older teens and adults go into the real world with no one to guide them.
1) The challenges parents may face in the infants and toddler stage, is that they can’t do anything or set up a schedule. All their focus will be on them preparing them for the world. Everything will depend on the child’s needs and condition. At school age, parenting becomes more like teaching right from wrong, rules, and consequences for their behavior and actions. As they become teenagers, it becomes more difficult because they are starting to be more independent and have opinions and demands. When children become Adults, they get into the world being more independent and focused on their own lives. That stage of learning should have passed and moved into the real world.
2) Yes, my observation fits with Galinsky’s theory, because I saw four of the six stages, he talks about in my observation which are The Nurturing Stage, The Interpretive Stage, The Interdependent Stage, The Departure Stage.
3)I think the most common factors that impact parenting behaviors are the ideal image of parenting, and the expectation of an ideal child.
2)Based on fetal programming/ Fetal origins theory, the exposure to COVID-19 pandemic may cause health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. That means less working out and being more stressed out. Especially during a hard time like this and with the pandemic it gets even harder not knowing when it will end.
Julissa — Thanks for your comment in the activity. I appreciate your overview of Galinky’s stages of parenthood; thinking of parents you know, I wonder, what did the stages “look” like for that family? I wonder, why do you think prenatal exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic will cause high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity; what postcards are the babies who are developing now receiving and how will they be impacted by those messages? How does your comment connect to the readings and video in this activity?
Julissa — Thanks for your comment in the activity. I appreciate your overview of Galinky’s stages of parenthood; thinking of parents you know, I wonder, what did the stages “look” like for that family? I wonder, why do you think prenatal exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic will cause high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity; what postcards are the babies who are developing now receiving and how will they be impacted by those messages? How does your comment connect to the readings and video in this activity?
1. Think about specific parents and grandparents you know.
1. How do the challenges they face as parents differ based on the age of their children?
2. Do your observations fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting? How?
3. What societal factors and sociocultural factors impacted their parenting behaviors? How?
Parents must adapt to their child/children’s growth. From the time they are infants and form attachments and start feeling separation anxiety’s when they are toddlers and learning to express autonomy. The job does not stop there! Being a parent is a lifelong position, and with it comes many developmental stages. Galinsky (1987) identified 6stages of parenthood as a model of progression.
The image making stage which includes pregnancy. The nurturing stage which represents infancy and preparing for the child’s arrival. The authority stage, which represents guiding the child’s behavior when they are a toddler. The interpretive stage when the child is in middle school, and the parents helping them navigate their social lives. Then there is the interdepend stage, where parents are negotiating decisions with their adolescent child/children. This leads to the final stage, which is the departure stage, where the focus is more on the parent’s assessment of the role they have played in their adult child/children’s life.
My observations do fit with Galinsky’s stages of parenting. My view is that the parent must adjust and adapt their parenting style based on the different stages that the child is developing through from infancy to early adulthood.
The child will move from dependency to interdependence by the parent’s negotiations and then move on to full autonomy.
2. Based on fetal programming/fetal origins theory, what impact could the fetal exposure to the COVID pandemic (not the virus) have on the later health and development of babies, children, teens, and adults?
The Covid pandemic could have physical, emotional, and psychological lasting impacts. According to Annie Paul” What we learn before we’re born”(YouTube), fetuses are influenced by the mother’s lifestyle; including nutrition or lack of and can recognize the voice of the mother through the amniotic sack.
Fetal programming is shown to be affected by stress factors and drug use. According to D.J. Barker (“Parental foundations: Fetal Programming of health and development 1998),”During the rapid development or change the organism is susceptible to influences”.
The Covid pandemic is a great stressor in many aspects. I believe it there will be many negative outcomes for the pregnancy and fetus because of this. The problems related to the virus such as shutdowns, homelessness, job loss, and crime will follow into childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.