1. The Supreme Court decided in the Wal- Mart v. Dukes case that the 1.5 million female workers in Walmart could classify as a class action lawsuit because not all the 1.5 million female workers were “sex – discriminated”, denied equal paychecks, and denied a pay raise. In reading 12.2 it states, “Because the 1.5 million female Wal-Mart employees were not all denied the same promotion, the same pay raise, or insulted, belittled, or obstructed by the same manager in the same store, their cases could not legitimately be litigated all at once.”Without some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together,” Scalia said, “it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members’ claims for relief will produce a common answer to the crucial question, Why was I disfavored.” (Tortorici 6)This example shows how the case takes a turn and does not have enough evidence to go forward because not all the women went through the same as Dukes. Another example in reading 12.1 states, “Bringing these numbers to life, Dukes offered damning anecdotes from the plaintiffs: women who were told by their managers to “blow the cobwebs off their makeup and doll up” if they ever wanted to advance in the company; or reminded that “God made Adam first, so women will always be second to men”; or asked if they wouldn’t rather be at home, raising their kids, than seeking out promotions—all while their male colleagues’ fatter paychecks were justified by the assertion that men were “breadwinners.” (Tortorici 2) This example shows how sexism is shown in the way they speak to women if they ask for a raise or promotion, and how easily they give their jobs to men when the majority of women stay for decades in their positions meanwhile men get promoted in the blink of an eye. The supreme court ruling didn’t favor Duke’s side and favored Walmart’s side because Duke may have been sex-discriminated and turned down to get an equal pay raise, other women didn’t go through the same situation so she couldn’t advocate for all 1.5 million female workers without sufficient evidence.

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