The U.S. Constitution was written primarily by the economically privileged propertied class, including landowners, merchants, and financiers, who are described by Parenti and Beard. They sought to protect their economic advantages, and hence political power remained in the hands of the propertied elite, while inclusion was denied to the working masses, enslaved communities, and the poor peasants. For example, the vote was initially given exclusively to owning white men and therefore disenfranchised the underclass and reinforced class-based discrimination.
The early American society class structure and today’s are the same in that economic power is converted into political power. While there are no longer property-based legal restrictions on voting, structural inequalities still ensure that wealthier individuals and corporations disproportionately dominate politics, for instance, through lobbying and campaign finance. The fact that this economic dominance of government persists shows that class stratification remains a feature of American society.
The Constitution framers feared democracy because they understood it to mean “mob rule” and as a mechanism by which the lower class would be able to overthrow their wealth and power. Madison’s Federalist number 10 is a clear argument that a republic, and not a direct democracy, was necessary in order to prevent factions particularly the majority poor from redistributing property and altering the system of power. By means of such institutions as the Electoral College and an unselected Supreme Court, the framers ensured that popular influence would be limited directly, ensuring elite control of governmental decisions.