1.Describe the primary differences in the role of citizens in government, among the federal, confederation, and unitary systems.

-Given that local governments are in charge and are located closer to the people, citizens in a confederation system have the most power. When central and regional governments combine power in a federal system, citizens participate on several levels, primarily through representative voting. Whenever choices are decided primarily in a unitary system, the central government has the most power and the people have the least direct influence. As a result, confederations have the highest levels of citizen involvement, federations have moderate levels, and unitary systems have the lowest levels.

2. Briefly explain how you understand the system of division of power.

-A structure known as the division of powers, or split of powers, divides the duties of the government among the legislative, executive, and judicial departments. The unique powers and functions of each branch keep any one branch from rising too strong. Each branch is able to regulate the others over this arrangement, which secures a balance of power. The purpose is to ensure effective leadership while defending individual rights. The U.S. Constitution and many state constitutions are based on this foundation.

3.How does the federal government shape the actions of state and local governments? Write your answer based on doing a bit of research on how the federal government has influenced the actions of NY state and local governments, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

-The US government uses financing, laws, and guidelines to influence state and local policies. Under programs like the American Rescue Plan, it gave New York financial support during COVID-19, allowing regional governments to focus on both economic and public health issues. New York altered federal agencies’ rules on health figures to fit its own situation. Furthermore, the federal government developed general public health policies and oversaw vaccination distribution, affecting state and local performance. Therefore, the framework that New York and its communities functioned under throughout the pandemic was built by federal activities.