1.What is a Repressive State Apparatus? Why does Althusser call it “repressive”? Can we explain his choice of words here. Give an example.

-Based on Althusser, a state’s institutions to preserve social order and enforcing its authority by force and coercion are known as a Repressive State Apparatus (RSA). It is’repressive’, according to Althusser, because it relies on oppression, punishment, and force instead of reason or consent. This demonstrates how awful these systems are at silencing opposition and limiting individual rights. The army, the police, and the prison system are a few examples of RSAs.

2. Let’s do the same for the Ideological State Apparatuses. What are they, how do they seem to work?

-Societies such as the church, schools, family, media, political system, and creative efforts are examples of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs). ISAs operate primarily through ideology, in contrast to the Repressive State Apparatus, which operates largely through violence. They appear in media, religious settings, and cultural domains and are diverse and spread out. Both ideology and violence are used by all state apparatuses, whether they are repressive or ideological.

3.How are the Repressive and Ideological State Apparatuses different from each other? What is the difference between the two?

-The main techniques used by Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs) to maintain order are oppression and violence. They include of organizations like the army and the police. On the other hand, ideology and influence are the means by which Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) function. Through organizations like the media and schools, ISAs spread current views and values. The main difference between them is how they work: ISAs employ ideology, whereas RSAs use compulsion.

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This is an example ideological apparatuses on how they control people’s view by newspaper.