The way I understand the means of production is by viewing it as resources. It helps produce something for it serves as a service. Labor is work, physical work. An example of means of production can be a farm land, a farmer owns the land, the tools, buckets, gardening supplies,and water, etc.  to benefit his labor. An example of labor would be picking weeds out from a garden. It’s physical work that someone has to do, it’s measured by time.

Value is how much labor it takes to make something under normal circumstances.  Labor gives value. Something becomes valuable when it has a function or its a need. 

Labor and value are related since a service is determined by labor to produce it. Meaning the more labor, the more value. The relation between them is that they both need each other. Without labor, things would not be as valuable. And this is the labor theory of value 

The way I am able to understand the difference between labor and labor power is that labor is physical work that someone puts into something to make something valuable. Labor-power is the ability to do labor. It falls back to needing food or clothes, without necessities, humans won’t be able to have enough labor power to actually do labor.

Value on top of the value it took to get there. Profits. It’s important since value is produced by workers and it doesn’t get returned to them (money) It is important for the study of social classes since it uncovered hor capitalism works and how exploited workers actually are. Since it only benefits wealth-owners. An example of surplus value can be someone making a desk, the worker makes it with a value of $2,500 but only can receive $200.