Watch these 3 videos:
Promoting Language and Literacy: Infant and Toddler Care (2003, Learning Seed) from the BMCC library video database Kanopy (here are directions and a video on how to access the video). Complete this handout as you watch the video.
Linguistic Genius of Babies TED Talk: Patricia Kuhl (2011); complete this handout as you watch the video
Theories of Language Development (2013, Khan Academy); complete this handout as you watch the video
Read Gillespie (2019) and Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011), complete this handout as you read
Gillespie (2019)
Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011)
Review the developmental milestones for a 1-year-old baby
Watch this video of a 1-year-old-baby (in the red shirt)
Answer the questions below, creating a unique response that includes evidence from each video and each of the articles in the your response:
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- How are the following connected to a baby learning language:
- relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment)
- individualized routines
- a family’s culture
- Which theory of language development do you believe? Why? Based on that theory, explain how the babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language.
- Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, what can infant teachers do to support baby’s language development? List specific practices that no one has mentioned yet!
- What cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate? How?
- Specifically, how is this baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9?
- How are the following connected to a baby learning language:
1.- -The relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment) are primordial for the babies’ language development.
Every baby needs a caregiver who respect him as an individual. Every baby needs a caregiver who provides time, focus, consistency and who uses skills to be responsive to the baby. Therefore, every baby needs a caregiver who communicates with him in many ways.
Responsive. – Da Ros-Voseles states “Some adults think that babies do not have the ability to learn to comprehend, if you believe that it is easy to understand that why you do not address or talk to babies directly. These differences get in the way of responsive communication between adults and babies. (49)
It is within nurturing relationships that the meaning and process of language are learned. Da Ros-Voseles argues “Relationships are the most important ingredient that fuels the baby and assures the baby’s optimum health in his first years of life” (49).
Respect. – Da Ros-Voseles states “Acknowledging and speaking directly to the baby by name tell the baby he or she is respected as an individual” (48). A caregiver who gently touches a baby before picking her up by placing her hand on the baby’s shoulder gives that baby a beautiful message of respect and appreciation. (50)
-Individualize routines
Gillespie states “Make books part of individualize routines such as when lulling a baby to sleep or feeding a baby” (86). Try to read to each child every day (87).
-Family’s culture
Gillespie argues “It is important to have book that show a variety of cultures and languages so that children see diverse families, including their own families and home languages in the stories they read” (87).
In the video “Promoting Language and Literacy: Infant and Toddler Care”, the experts highlight the importance of using the child’s first language, because the baby’s culture is represented thorough that language. In addition, respecting the parental language is very important when comforting a baby. For instance, when putting a baby to sleep, we can sing him a lullaby in Spanish, because it is his mother language, and he had been exposed to even before birth.
2.- I believe in the Nativist Perspective, because I agree that children are born with the ability to learn. According to the video “Theories of Development”, humans have an acquisition device (LAD) in the brains that allows them to learn language. There is a critical period from birth to 8 to 9 months in which a child is more able to learn a language. After that age is harder because the LAN only operates during the critical period.
The 4 cornerstones of language are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
-Listening
Language begins before birth and continues from the child’s first contact with people as a young infant. Starting form the 6th month in utero and in the 1st month after birth, the baby is primed to hear language.
By talking to the child and repeating sounds, the child is naturally receptive to the language patterns. VIDEO “By interacting with adults, the child is learning the patterns, rhythms and sounds of the language, for the child senses she is an active partner in language”
-Speaking
The child start using her first words from 12 to 16 months. The child puts together meaning with single words. “The child uses one word as a hollow phrase, one word with very different meanings.”
Adults understand verbal communications when the child is 12 to 24 months. When the child is 24 to 36 months, adults follow the cues of the child for expanding language, caregivers use interactive games, pictures, songs, for additional language expansion.
-Reading
Caregiver’s star using books at a vey young age, introduction with books begin when the baby is able to focus on the objects. For 3 months old, one of the first sense to develop is their eyesight, they show interest in what is on the books.
-Writing
Young toddlers use tools in order to make written words, they begin with the earlies scribbles, they are developing skills that they will used later in writing.
3.-Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, some of the strategies to support baby’s language development are:
Talk directly (making eye contact) to a baby during regular routines and throughout the day.
Our position always has to face baby
Repeat the sounds that the baby is making, so the baby understand that the sounds he is using begin to sound like the language he hears.
Use the sings the baby is making such as pointing.
Expand the child language into new words and phrases.
Fallow the cues of the baby for expanding language
Watch and listen babies carefully for potential language difficulties or delays
Use the child’s home language when talking to the baby. For example, singing a song in Spanish to put the baby to sleep.
Introduce books when the baby is able to focus on the objects.
Expose babies to a nurturing environment, where they can feel respected and treated like individuals, where caregivers attend their needs and create bonds with them.
4.- The milestones the 1-year-old baby (in red short) demonstrated in the video are:
Cognitive. The child put the ball into the whole when he was playing in the ball pull. In addition, he let the things go without help
Social, the child interacted with an adult by handing a necklace to a lady who was sitting next to him.
Emotional, he acted shy with the other children
Physical/ motor, he was able to sit down without help, he stood alone holding on furniture.
Language/ communication, the child shook his head no when the lady sitting next to him asked him if can say something.
5.- This baby’s development is different from a 9-month-old
Social. – The 9-month-old baby was clinging on her mother and the 1-year-old was playing independently
physical/ motor.- The 9-month-old baby stood holding on her mother, window and stands, he was crawling around the room and sat with no support. The one-year-old baby was able to sit down without help, he stood alone holding on furniture.
Language/ communication.-The 9-month-old baby was making different sounds like “ahhh””ehhhh”, the 1 year old baby shook his head “no” when someone asked him to say something.
-Cognitive. – The 9-month-old baby he put different toys in his mouth, she moved blocks smoothly from one hand to another. The 1-year-old put the ball into the whole when he was playing in the ball pool and he let the things go without help.
Marcela — Thanks for creating a thread in this activity. You clearly identified how the 3 R’s, individualized culture & a family’s culture connect to language development, weaving the materials from this activity into your comment. You clearly describe how the components of language connect to the Nativist approach. The Nativist approach believes that children are wired from birth to learn language & that until 8-9 months babies makes the sounds of all languages of the world. A baby’s 1st words — the holophrase is a single word that can have many meanings. You have a list of activities that teachers can use to support language development; I wonder, how do those activities connect to the 3 R’s, a family’s culture & individualized routines? You identified several milestones you observed from the baby in the video. I wonder, did you observe any other cognitive, social/ emotional, language/ communication, or physical/ motor milestones? You identified many differences in development between the 9-month old baby and 12-month old baby.
1. How are the following connected to a baby learning language: relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment), individualized routines, a family’s culture
Relationship-based practices (the 3R’s & attachment) is first because babies need caregivers to care for them and show them that we also love and respect them. They need our attention and time we need to be able to do many things so they can react to us. They need us to respect and response to them at all time. Individualize routines is reading a book to them or reading flash cards to them or even showing them toys and naming them can be a routine. Family culture can help them understand their own cultures and they can learn other cultures if we teach it to them.
2. Which theory of language development do you believe? Why? Based on that theory, explain how the babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language.
The theory I believe in of language development is Nativist Perspective because I do believe in that children who are born they learn in by listening. When they are born they can identify their parents voices. The four cornerstones of language are speaking, listening, reading and writing. Babies try to say their first words at from 12 months to 18 months but when they are born they try to response back when they are being talk to. Reading the parents read to them and their babies would pay attention to them. Babies would be able to draw lines.
3. Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, what can infant teachers do to support baby’s language development? List specific practices that no one has mentioned yet
As an infant teacher we can read to them to support baby’s language, show them flash cards and repeat them, talk to them, we can also singing to them.
4.What cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate? How?
The milestone that the 1-year-old baby in the red shorts demonstrate is cognitive because he is standing and is able to put each ball in the hole without asking for help. He also shows social because we can see he is sharing the toys by giving the other caregiver a toy he had.
5. Specifically, how is this baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9?
This baby’s cognitive is different from the 9-month-old baby because this baby is playing by himself and the 9-month-old baby is more attached to their mother.
Madelin — Thanks for your comment in this module. You explain the 3 R’s; I wonder, how do the 3 R’s connect to language development? Pointing, talking and reading books during individual routines supports language learning. I wonder, how does a family’s culture connect to language development? All of the language theories believe children learn language by listening; the Nativist approach believes that babies are born with the innate ability to learn language. I noticed you mentioned flash cards several times; thinking about how babies learn, I wonder, how do flash cards support infant language learning? I wonder, how does your comment connect to the videos & readings in this module. You identified social/ emotional and physical milestones you observed the baby in the video demonstrate; I wonder, what cognitive and language/ communication milestones did the baby demonstrate? You explained how the 9-month old & 12-month old baby’s are different in relation to their social/emotional milestones; I wonder, how are the babies cognitive, physical, language/ communication milestones different?
1)Relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment) The 3 R’s are needed in a baby life because they need people to be respectful because even though their are babies still need to be treated like if they were adults. In responsive in the article communicating with babies by Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011) it’s stated as an issue that people may not know how important it is to talk to babies, “You may be unaware of the value of talking to babies directly”, it expands their communication and language. In respect way in the same article Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011) ” When communicating with babies it validates their self-worth” makes them feel important.
2)
Individualize Routines: Gillespie states “Make books readily accessible to both you and mobile babies by placing several baskets or trays of books on the floor in different”
3)Family Culture’s: Gillespie states ” Invite families to make homemade books, including family members.
2)The language Development I believe in would be “Interactionist” because I feel like interaction is a important part to learn, like motivates them, for example a mother talking to her child having a conversation.
3)what infant teachers do to support baby’s language development would be to to continue having regular conversations with the baby as how in the video Theories of language development while talking gives them a desire to communicate with the adults in their lives.
Also read different type of books, try new and interesting activities that can expand language and can teach them new terms, have a lot of toys (musical)
4) Some cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate would be for
cognitive he is able to look around for this surroundings, touches the toys.
social/emotional:he looks at the camera and kind of smirks because he feel comfortable there. Gets along with the children around.
physical/motor he is able to move around from the ball pit to leading on the little table to Sit up on his knees.
language/communication the caregivers around him try to make a conversation but he just has a blank stare and nod his head.
5)This baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9
Social: That the 9 month old baby would be on the mom, while the baby boy was able to sit up on his own in the ball bit playing alone.
physical/motor:The 9 month old baby would want to be with the mom near her, while the baby boy was able to move from the ball pit to like crawl a bit and hold on the table to like lead in a way, as well as sit up on his own.
Language/communication: The 9 month old would just like give short responses like ah mhm. while the baby boy would nod his head when asked a question.
Cognitive would be the 9 month old baby would just automatically put the items in the mouth. While the baby boy looked so amazed in the ball pit, just touching the balls and not tempted to put it in his mouth.
Lesly — Thanks for your comment in this activity. You connected the readings to your comment. You describe how the the 3 R’s connect to language learning. Reading and books supports language learning. I wonder, how can individualizing routines support learning language? How does a family’s culture impact language learning? The interactionist approach to language acquisition recognizes the importance of culture and environment on learning language. Singing, reading & talking is important with babies; I wonder, what should infant teachers talk about with babies to support infant language learning? You describe the milestones a 12-month-old baby and the differences between a 9-monthold and 12-month-old baby.
1.How are the following connected to a baby learning language: The following are connected to a baby’s learning language because they all represent how to communicate, how culture is shown and how they engage.
1.relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment)
The 3R’s are are very important and show that we need to care for a child and love them as if they were our own. Baby’s need constant attention, love and care.
2.individualized routines is using flash cards or reading a book with shapes , colors and etc that can be a daily routine just as Gillespie states “Making books readily accessible to both you and mobile babies by placing several baskets or trays of books on the floor in different”
3.a family’s culture can help others understand more if we can assist them with understanding their own societies and they can learn different societies.
2.Which theory of language development do you believe? Why? Based on that theory, explain how the babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language. I believe in the Nativist Perspective because There is a basic period from birth to 8 to 9 months wherein a child is more ready to gain proficiency with a language since we have a part in our brain that helps us to adapt with language and when we should use it. The babies learn the 4 corners of language through listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
3.Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, what can infant teachers do to support baby’s language development? List specific practices that no one has mentioned yet!
-introducing books
– sing alongs
-using flash cards
– Expanding their language with phrases
4.What cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate? How?
The milestone that the 1-year-old child in the red shorts exhibit is cognitive since he is standing and can place each ball in the opening without requesting help. He additionally shows social since we can see how he is sharing the toys by giving the other guardian a toy he had.social/emotional:he takes a gander at the camera and sort of grins since he feel great there. Coexists with the youngsters around.
physical/motor he can move around from the ball pit to driving on the little table to Sit up on his knees.
language/communication the guardians around him attempt to make a discussion yet he simply has a clear gaze and gesture his head.
5.Specifically, how is this baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9?This baby’s cognitive is not the same as the 9-month-old child since this infant is playing without help from anyone else and the 9-month-old infant is more appended to their mom.
Selanie — Thanks for your comment in this activity. Babies need constant care & attention; I wonder, how do the 3 R’s, individualizing routines, and a family’s culture support language learning? How does your comment connect to the readings and video in this activity? Nativist theories believe that babies are born with the innate ability to learn language. Expanding language with phrases, sing alongs, books, are important ways infant teachers support language learning; I wonder, how would infant teachers use flash cards? You list many of the activities the 12-month-old child engages in; I wonder, how are the cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/ communication milestones similar & different?
1. How are the following connected to a baby learning language:
-relationship-based practices (the 3 R’s & attachment)
R’s are important for a baby’s language development because when caregivers are respectful and responsive to the baby, those behaviors provide an enriching dialogue. Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011) states “Relationship are the most important ingredient that fuels the baby and assures the baby’s optimum health in his first year of life”.
-individualized routines
Creating a cozy place with pillows and children’s books ensures baby learning language. Gillespie (2019) argues “This sends the message to babies that the reading corner is a comfortable place where they can cuddle up, enjoy each other’s company, and read books”.
-a family’s culture
When the caregiver is fluent in the baby’s first language they can use it as a strategy to make the baby feel comfortable. In the video Promoting Language And Literacy: Infant and Toddler Care, they state “I notice that every time he is crying or he is not feeling good or by me speaking Spanish to him, I think he feels better, he comforts” Home language is important because baby culture is represented through the language.
2. Which theory of language development do you believe? Why? Based on that theory, explain how the babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language.
-I believe Nativist theory because each baby are born with the ability to learn a new language through a language acquisition device called LAD which allows humans learn a language during a critical period. Theories of language development states”A child is most able to learn a language, so if you try to learn a language after that age it’s a lot of harder it’s not impossible it’s just a lot of harder”.
The babies learn the 4 corners of language through listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
3. Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, what can infant teachers do to support baby’s language development? List specific practices that no one has mentioned yet!
-Use animated voice when reading to babies
-Read books as part of the daily routine
-Talk directly to the baby about what is happening or what is going to happen
-Ask questions and wait for the baby’s response
-Sing or speak to the baby using his home language (if you are fluent in it)
4. What cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate? How?
Cognitive- He explore throwing the balls
Social/emotional- He looks at the camera, he was playing independently
Physical/motor- He take a few steps without holding on
Language/Communication- He makes “no” gestures with the head
5. Specifically, how is this baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9?
Cognitive-The 9 month old baby moves things smoothly from one hand to the other, while the 1 year old baby explore throwing the balls
Social/Emotional-the 9 month old baby is more clingy with familiar adults, while the 1 year old baby was playing independently
Physical/motor-the 9 month old baby can stands holding on, while the 1 year old baby take a few steps without holding on
Language/communication-the 9 month old baby was making different sounds like “ahahahahh” “ohh” “ehh” while the 1 year old baby makes “no” gestures with the head
1) the 3 r’s and attachment are connected to a baby learning language. They are very important because its like validation. Even if a child is not speaking with words an adult knowing what they mean when they do a certain gesture shows responsiveness. “When communicating with babies it validates their self-worth” makes them feel important Kovach & Da Ros-Voseles (2011) . Even thought there just babies they need to be shown the same amount of respect . There communication shouldn’t be ignored.
-Gillespie says “Make books part of individualize routines such” reading a book while feeding or putting a child to sleep will help there language development.
-family culure is very important they may be spoken to in a another language at home . Incorporating this in school may help.
2) I believe in interactionist babies need interaction for a healthy development . Imagine a baby who has no human interaction. How will the learn to speak? Babies learn from listening and imitating this is how they learn to speak, read , and write.
3)Teachers can engage with the babies . They can have conversations with them,read to them, and sing to them.
4)The child in the video is able to put the ball in the hole by himself showing his cognitive skills
He shows his phsical/ motor skills by moving around from the ball pit and eventual sits on his knees, crawling,and holding on to furniture. The child shakes he his head no to show his language skills. By sharing with the teacher he shows his social development, he occasionally smiles showing his social development.
5The 9 month old was more dependent on the mother and was only able to babble.
How are the following connected to a baby learning language:
• Relationship-Based Practices (the 3 R’s & attachment): The 3 R’s are Respect, Relationship, and Response. Babies need someone who treats them equally. They need someone who can consistently respond to their needs. They need someone that they can have a strong emotional attachment.
• Individualized Routines- Every child has their own daily routines so they need someone that will follow that routine.
• A family’s culture- Babies are going to have teachers that come from a different cultural background so they need someone who understands their culture or would want to learn more about the culture and try to include their baby’s background in the classroom.
Which theory of language development do you believe? Why? Based on that theory, explain how the babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language.
The theory of language development that I believed was the Nativist theory. This theory proposes that language is a learned behavior that can be acquired through operant conditioning, imitation and practice. Based on this theory, babies learn the 4 cornerstones of language by learning, speaking, and writing
Thinking about your response to questions # 1 and #2, what can infant teachers do to support a baby’s language development? List specific practices that no one has mentioned yet!
• Teachers can have flashcards with words on them and the children practice them.
• Write out sentences for them and have them practice saying the sentences.
What cognitive, social/emotional, physical/ motor, and language/ communication developmental milestones does the 1-year-old baby (in red short) in the video demonstrate? How?
• Cognitive Development- The child knew where to put the ball(in the hole).
• Social/Emotional: He interacted with the lady sitting next to him and he also got shy around the other children that were in the room.
• Physical/Motor: He can stand up on his own and hold on to things well.
• Communication- The child would either shake his head yes or no whenever he was asked a question.
Specifically, how is this baby’s cognitive, social/emotional, physical/motor, and language/communication development different from the 9-month-old baby we observed in module 9?
This baby’s developmental skills are different from the 9 months old development skills is:
The 9-month-old was relying on her mother a lot while the 1-year-old played by himself. The 9-month-old will hold to her mother and use windows to help her stand up and walk while the 1-year-old was able to stand up and walk by himself. The 9-month-old would make sounds in order to communicate while the 1-year-old would shake his head yes or no to communicate.
1 – Being responsive, respectful, and building a relationship with an infant connects the infant to learning language in many ways. Primarily when the family and infant teacher are speaking to and with, reading to and with the infant.
2- I believe in Vygotsky’s theory of social interaction, where biological and social factors play into the child’s desire to communicate with adults in their lives. I do believe that in general, the 4 theories are connected to each other. Language development through language acquisition device is evident to being a language nativist. There is also evidence that there is learning involved, which involves a critical period from birth till age 8. Moreover, learning theory applies as well because children are reinforced in their language skills.
3- Infant teachers can support baby’s language development by repeating the same words to them. They can connect the words to pictures and books and live experiences by using examples as well.
4- The boy in the red short is displaying social/emotional milestones by playing with the balls in the playpen, giving the ball to the caretaker. He is also demonstrating his cognitive and language milestones by listening to her when she is speaking to him. His motor skill allows him to walk around and seek out other toys.
5- This baby’s cognitive/emotional, physical/motor language/communication development is more advanced than the 9-month-old observed in Module 9. He can play and share toys with another infant, he can walk around and shows curiosity with other toys and other children; he also shows response to his teacher speaking to him.