This assignment has 3 parts
Contents
Part 1: What is Normal?
Go to FlipGrid (https://flipgrid.com/744a7aac your user name is your first name as it appears in CUNY First) to answer these questions:
For each expectation, explain which do you believe is normal (A or B). Why?
Expectation #1
- Babies can learn to sleep alone through the night; when depends on the baby & how the family handles the baby waking at night.
- Babies can’t be expected to sleep alone or sleep through the night. Putting a baby in a crib in another room is cruel. l.
Expectation #2
- Toilet training occurs during the 3rd year of life, when signs of readiness appear
- Infants can be toilet trained & out of diapers by their 1st birthday
Expectation #3
- ) Babies can be expected to make eye contact, which is a way of establishing intimacy & is part of attachment.
- Babies can be expected to make eye contact, but they must learn not to make eye contact with elders.
Expectation #4
- Toddlers have to come to see themselves as individuals who can possess objects before they can learn to share. They have to understand ownership.
- Toddlers have to understand that they are not individuals & that all possessions are shared. They can be expected to share from birth.
Part 2: Readings
Read Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) AND Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007); I suggest completing this handout as you read the articles.
GonzalezMena & Bhavnagri (2000)Im, Parlakian & Sanchez (2007)
Part 3: Scenario
1) Use Hypothesis to identify where Denise uses self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally informed teaching. How is she demonstrating the skill you identify, as defined by Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) and Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007)?
2) Answer the questions following the scenario.
Denise, an infant teacher, was surprised to hear the mother of 9-month-old Sunil explain that she had begun potty-training her son. Denise’s immediate reaction was that 9 months was too early! She felt that potty training should begin at 2, at the earliest. This is what Denise learned in her classes and training. And it’s what she did with her own children.
But Denise also knew that this family was from a culture different from her own. Sunil’s parents had recently moved to the U.S. from India. She knew this might mean the family used child-rearing strategies that were different from the ones she had learned.
Denise wondered what Sunil’s mother meant by “toilet training.” Denise learned from Sunil’s mother that “toilet training” for her meant she held him over the toilet several times during the day. Then she made a “psssshhh” sound. This gently encouraged him to urinate. She made clear that Sunil is relaxed and enjoys being held comfortably by his mother when she does this. She never held him over the toilet once he showed signs of being restless. She also never worried about it if he did not urinate. Sooner or later, she explained, Sunil would learn to go when he was held over the toilet. She wanted Denise to try this at the program as well. She offered to show Denise exactly how she uses this technique. Denise agreed.
Denise said that she was worried about this taking a lot of time. She thought that on some days, it might be hard for her to take this time with Sunil. They agreed to try things out for a week and then talk about how it was going. Denise also offered Sunil’s mother information on the Western approach to toilet training. Sunil’s mother and Denise talked about how they each have learned a different way to help children get ready to use the toilet. At the same time they both agreed that children should not be forced to use the toilet before they are ready.
- How did self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally informed teaching help Denise in working with Sunil and his mother? Refer to both to the Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) and Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007) readings in your response.
- How do you think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family?
- When do you think the “right” time is to start potty training? What experiences in your life might have influenced your thinking about this issue?
1.- Denise showed Self- knowledge when working with Sunil, when before addressing the needs of the baby ,she became more aware of her own cultural beliefs and practices. According to Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez “By taking a look at our early relationships and childhood experiences, we can recognize the influence that these factors have on our role as caregivers”(1).
Denise used Reflecting Thinking, when she talked to the mother and took time to reflect on and discuss questions. Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez, state “Reflecting on our own cultural beliefs and practices about caring, teaching and learning can help us recognize the cultural perspective”(2) Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagr state,“Caregivers should be sensitive to differing practices and yet still be professionals and share their expertise, this process opens up both families and caregivers to operate flexibly in two or more cultures”(33).
Denise practiced Cultural Informed Teaching when she got the information that she needs from the caregiver to create a learning environment that welcomes the children. Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez, state “Cultural Informed Teaching strategies help us individualized learning experiences based on each child’s needs.
2.- I think Deenise’ response will affect her relationship with Sunil and his family in a good way, because before addressing, she looked at the reasons behind the caregivers actions, she thought that the mother approach has to be with a particular set of cultural beliefs and traditions. She was very understanding, recognized the cultural perspective in order to find a solution with the mother. Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagr state, “Caregivers should be sensitive to differing practices and yet still be professionals and share their expertise, this process opens up both families and caregivers to operate flexibly in two or more cultures” (33).
3.- I think the right time to start potty training is when the child is 2 and half to 3 years old, depending on the case. Based on my experience, the 2 children that I babysat showed signs of being ready to start potty training when they were 3 years old.
4.- The family of your Infant/Family Case Study has set a schedule on their child’s natural rhythm such as feeding, diaper change and sleeping time in order to regulate the baby’s needs .
Marcela — Thanks for your comment in this activity. You connected your comment to the readings in this activity. Denise would demonstrate culturally informed teaching when she supported the family & followed their practices from home to help the baby use the toilet at such a young age, which was different from Denise’s beliefs and practices.
1)When Denise heard that Sunil’s mother was going to start toilet training him at 9 months she was super shocked and thought that it was too early for him but then remembered that he’s from another culture and that they could do things a bit differently that how she has done things. she was able to think about where his family was from and think about how people do things differently in other cultures. She didn’t go out of her way and tell Sunil’s mother that she was doing something wrong. Before speaking with Sunil’s mother it seemed like she took time to think about the situation before just going to talk with Sunil’s mother.
2) I think Denise’s response to Sunil’s mother strengthened their relationship because she wasn’t judging her about how she wanted to raise her son. Instead Denise asked to try her method of toilet training Sunil. I think this also shows Sunil’s mother that Denise is open to try and accommodate Sunil’s life at home into his time at daycare.
3) In my opinion I think the “right” age to toilet train is whenever the child seems like they are ready to give it a try. Most children I have taken care of are usually around the ages of 1 1/5- 3 years old. Again I believe that it depends on the child and how they feel about the situation. Some may have a harder time than others and some may fine it easy. All are okay.
4) The family for my Infant/Family case study they are doing both. They are following what the “normal” age to potty train. They have started training them since the child is 2 years old but they are also following the child’s natural instinct and not forcing them to use the bathroom all the time in the toilet. The child wears underwear during the day and a diaper to bed just in case they have an accident. The parents want to make sure that the child is “on schedule” like every other child but aren’t forcing anything at the same time.
Zoe — Thanks for your comment in this activity. Many people believe children indicate they are ready to learn to use the toilet; I wonder, how do children indicate they are ready to use the toilet? Thinking past toileting, what time(s) does the baby in your Infant/Family Case Study eat, go to sleep, etc.; is it the same time each day (a schedule) or flexible based on the baby? I wonder, how does your comment connect to the readings in this activity?
How did self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally inform teaching help, Denise, in working with Sunil and his mother? Refer to both to the Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) and Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007) readings in your response>
Cultural Sensitivity helped Denise in working with Sunil and his mother because it helped Denise understand that she will be taking of children whose families have different values and beliefs than her.
How do you think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family?
Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family because potty training is now going to be something that Denise and Sunil’s family have a disconnection on because they both have different views on potty training.
When do you think the “right” time is to start potty training? What experiences in your life might have influenced your thinking about this issue?
I think that the “right time” to start potty training is when the child is ready. My life experience might have influenced my thinking because I think that my mom waited until I was ready to sit on a toilet.
Is the family of your Infant/Family Case Study following a set schedule or the child’s natural rhythms? How do you know? Give evidence to support your answer! The family of my case study has a set schedule. They have a schedule where the baby would eat every 3 hours, burp, get changed, and go to sleep.
Diamunique — Thanks for your comment in this activity. How we were raised, and the practices our families used with us, influences the practices we view as “normal” and the ones we will use or expect to use with other children. In Western society, we often wait until a baby is indicates they are ready to learn to use the toilet; I wonder, what signs indicate a baby is ready to use the toilet? I wonder, how does your comment connect to the readings in this activity? Having a set schedule can help families in many ways — I look forward to learning how your Infant/Family Case Study family utilizes their schedule. I wonder, how does your comment connect to the readings in this activity?
1. How did self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally informed teaching help Denise in working with Sunil and his mother? Refer to both to the Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) and Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007) readings in your response.
-When Denise heard that Sunil’s mother had started potty training him, she was shocked because he’s only 9 months old, but Denise knew they were from another culture so it may be normal for them. She demonstrates cultural sensitivity because she respects them and doesn’t judge them for potty training so early, instead she heard what potty training meant to them and agreed to give it a try on the program.
2. How do you think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family?
-Denise’s response affects positively her relationship with Sunil and his family because she showed respect.
3. When do you think the “right” time is to start potty training? What experiences in your life might have influenced your thinking about this issue?
– I think the “right” time to start potty training is when the baby shows readiness to give a try.
4. Is the family of your Infant/Family Case Study following a set schedule or the child’s natural rhythms? How do you know? Give evidence to support your answer.
– They establish a schedule to determine the time for feeding and sleeping, they have a daily routine, the baby wakes up at the same time (9 am), she has breakfast, then she takes a 2 hours nap, she has lunch, she plays, then she takes 1 hour nap, and finally her mother bottle feed her to sleep at 9:30 pm
Daniela — Thanks for your comment in this activity. I wonder, how would you react if a family told you they were training their 9-month-old baby to use the toilet? Many people believe that the “right” time to initiate toilet learning is when the baby shows signs of readiness; I wonder, what are the signs that would indicate a baby is ready to use the bathroom? Denise respected Sunil & his family; I wonder, how did the respect lead to a positive impact? I wonder, how does your comment connect to the readings in this activity?
1. How did self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally informed teaching help Denise in working with Sunil and his mother? Refer to both to the Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) and Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007) readings in your response.
When Denise learned at Sunil’s mother started training her son to potty train, Denise was amazed to find out that a 9 month old baby learned to potty train at a young age. Although Denise knew they were from another culture, she never judge them instead she also likes to learn how to use their culture in the classroom which she is showing cultural sensitivity.
2. How do you think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family?
The way Denise’s response was in a positive way because she showed respect towards their culture and is even going to use it.
3.When do you think the “right” time is to start potty training? What experiences in your life might have influenced your thinking about this issue?
The “right” time to start potty training would be at the age of 2. The experiences in my life have influenced my thinking about this issue because in my family all my baby cousins learn how potty train at the age of 2 but in my opinion their isn’t a “right” to potty train because if they are showing that they are ready they will let us know.
4.Is the family of your Infant/Family Case Study following a set schedule or the child’s natural rhythms? How do you know? Give evidence to support your answer.
Yes because they have a daily schedule that they are following which are
8:30 when they baby wakes up, drinks milk at 9am, eats breakfast at 10am, eats lunch at 12pm, first nap is at 1 or 2, dinner at 6pm, second nap at 7:30pm, and sleeps at 10pm everyday.
Madelin — Thanks for your comment in this activity. Denise did not judge Sunil’s family; I wonder, how does that demonstrate/ connect to cultural sensitivity? Many people believe the time to begin toilet learning is when the baby shows signs of readiness; I wonder, what signs should we look for to indicate babies are “ready”? Thanks for sharing the schedule of your Infant/ Family Case Study — I look forward to learning the infant’s routines for these activities! I wonder, how do the readings for this activity connect to your comment?
1.- Denise showed Self-information when working with Sunil, when prior to tending to the requirements of the infant ,she turned out to be more mindful of her own social convictions and practices. As per Im, Parlakian, and Sanchez “By investigating our initial connections and youth encounters, we can perceive the impact that these variables have on our job as caregivers”(1).
Denise utilized Reflecting Thinking, when she conversed with the mother and set aside some effort to ponder and talk about questions. Im, Parlakian, and Sanchez, state “Pondering our own social convictions and practices about mindful, educating and learning can assist us with perceiving the social perspective”(2) Gonzalez-Mena and Bhavnagr state,”Caregivers ought to be touchy to varying practices yet still be experts and offer their aptitude, this interaction opens up the two families and parental figures to work deftly in at least two cultures”(33).
Denise rehearsed Cultural Informed Teaching when she got the data that she needs from the parental figure to establish a learning climate that invites the kids. Im, Parlakian, and Sanchez, state “Social Informed Teaching methodologies help us individualized learning encounters dependent on every youngster’s requirements.
2.- I think Deenise’ reaction will influence her relationship with Sunil and his family positively, on the grounds that prior to tending to, she took a gander at the explanations for the parental figures activities, she imagined that the mother approach must be with a specific arrangement of social convictions and customs. She was understanding, perceived the social point of view to discover an answer with the mother. Gonzalez-Mena and Bhavnagr state, “Parental figures ought to be delicate to varying practices yet still be experts and offer their mastery, this interaction opens up the two families and guardians to work deftly in at least two societies” (33).
3.- I think the perfect opportunity to begin potty preparing is the point at which the youngster is 2 and half to 3 years of age, contingent upon the case. In view of my experience, the 2 kids that I kept an eye on indications of being prepared to begin potty preparing when they were 3 years of age.
4.- The group of your Infant/Family Case Study has set a timetable on their kid’s common musicality like taking care of, diaper change and resting time to control the child’s necessities .
Selanie — Thanks for your comment in this activity. You wove material from the readings into your comment. Recognizing who we are, how our interactions impact others, and how to embed the cultures of all families into our classrooms in what masterful infant teachers do who use self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or culturally informed teaching. You mention we should look for indicators for when to begin toilet learning with a young child; I wonder, what are those indicators? Thinking of your Infant/ Family Case Study family, do they have a set schedule for their baby or follow the baby’s natural rhythms — and how do you know? I appreciate that you included material from both readings; I wonder, what additional quotes/ citations from Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnaghri (2000) could you connect to your comment?
1. Cultural sensitivity helped Denise better understand Sunil and his mother because Sunil’s mom told her how in her country they have a strategy that helps stimulate them to pee. According to Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) they inform us that their culture plays a big role in their “self-help skills, independence, dependence, manners, and respect” (pg.32) Also Im, Parlakian, & Sanchez (2007) stated that it is important to encourage children from different cultures to engage together.
2. I think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family positive because instead of reacting in a negative way she was informed and said she will try to use the new toilet method.
When do you think the “right” time is to start potty training? What experiences in your life might have influenced your thinking about this issue?
3. I think you could start potty training when the infant shows readiness. In my experience you shouldn’t force them because they might get scared and cry. My nephew wasn’t ready yet and his mom would force him but he got scared of the flushing, once he was ready he grabbed his mom to take him.
4. The family for my Infant/Family Case Study does follow a set schedule because during the interview the mom told me how they follow a schedule that works with their daily routine. The mom attends college and the dad is working from home.
1)The way self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity, or cultural informed teaching help Denise in working with Sunil and his mother, she was surprised when her 9 month baby was able to be potty trained. Also in Parlakian & Sanchez (2007) its encourage for different cultures to interact.In Gonzalez-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) it’s important for infant teachers to work with reflective thinking because it helps the parents to understand the differences in culture which can be beneficial.
2)The way I think Denise’s Response affected her relationship with Sunil and his Family was in a positive way because she was understanding with the new method of being potty trained.
3)I think the “right” time is to start potty training, with personal experiences as I saw my brother’s they were like 2 year old and the diaper will bother them and from there we showed them the toilet and to let us know when they needed to go number 1 (urine) or number (poop) so I think there’s no right time it’s whenever the child is ready.
1. Denise used self-knowledge, reflective thing, cultural sensitivity, because when Sunsil’s mother mentioned that her 9month old is being potty trained although she the thought that was too early she considered coming to an agreement of trying the method the parent do at home.In Gonzalez article she mention cultural sensitivity is when you meet individual needs/ cultural needs which I feel Denise follows.
2.I think Denise response affected the relationship with Sunsil’s and his family was positive because she took the mom idea into consideration
3. I think the “right” time to start potty training would be at 2 like Denise said. Experiences in my life that might have influenced my thinking about this is because growing up I seen how fast my little cousins got more comfortable with underwear and wanted to use the bathroom more .
1. Denise’s self-knowledge, reflective thinking, cultural sensitivity training was very beneficial to reaching a compromise with Sunil’s mother. She understood that there are different methods to toilet-training based on culture and reached a compromise with the mom. According to Gonzales-Mena & Bhavnagri (2000) ” When sensitive caregivers meet individual needs, they also may be meeting cultural needs”. Denise used reflective thinking to respond to cultural differences as a strategy for Sunil’s toilet-training practices.
2. I think Denise’s response affected her relationship with Sunil and his family in a positive way, and beneficial manner. She respected and responded to the cultural differences by being sensitive as well as accommodating.
3. I feel that potty-training can start on a timeline range that can go from one years old until 3. I understand it is both a combination of the child’s desire and the family’s influence. In my country, Georgia, daycare begins around age 3 and the child has already been potty-trained.