1.Differences in the Part of Citizens in Federal, Confederation, and Unitary Systems
The role of citizens in government is different in federal, confederal, and unitary systems. In a federal system for example the United States the power is shared between the national and state governments and citizens can influence the different levels of government. They vote in both the national and state elections and are affected by the laws that are made at the two levels. A confederation is a system of independent states whose sovereignty is not easily taken away by a central government. This means that citizens engage most with their state governments because the national government has a limited impact on individual citizens. In a unitary system, power is invested in the central government and local governments are subordinated to the national government. Citizens are more likely to be involved with the central government, and have no say in the running of local government, as in the United Kingdom or France.

2. Division of Power and Federal Influence on NY State During COVID-19
   The division of power in the United States is the sharing of power between the federal government and the governments of the states and territories. The federal government has broad powers; states have powers in many areas, and local governments deal with the everyday running of local affairs. This system of government ensures that national concerns are met while at the same time allowing for the needs of the local population to be addressed.

3.During the COVID-19 outbreak, the federal government impacted New York’s response through funding, declarations and regulations. During the pandemic, federal agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offered guidance on how to contain the disease, and Congress approved relief measures such as the CARES Act, which sent funds to states to help with economic stimulation, health care and vaccination campaigns. However, decision making on issues such as mask mandates, business closures, and school closures were mainly the province of state and local governments. FEMA also provided medical supply and personnel, which shows how the federal government is able to influence state actions in case of a crisis.