1- The means of production refers to all of the tools utilized to create goods and services. The majority of the top 1% have these tools, which are mostly physical. In a capitalist system, for example, the governing and affluent classes control the means of production. On the other hand, labor refers to the time, effort, and talent put into the creation and delivery of goods and services. Daily commutes to a restaurant, bar, or construction company, for example, boost the earnings of the entrepreneur.

2- As per video 5.1, value relates to how valuable or significant an item or thing is. An item or service’s value is influenced by the price at which it may be offered. When the entire cost of labor is assessed, a value is assigned. When the price of production rises, something becomes valuable.

3- Because value cannot be generated without labor, work and value are inextricably intertwined. Work is the connection helping to increase the value of the product.

4- Because labor power isn’t a profession or a sort of work, you’ll have to rely on others to keep it going. Labor power is a capability that may be left unused or activated and utilized more frequently to increase your level of power.

5- The difference between the money obtained from the sale of a product and the quantity it cost the owner to manufacture that product is known as surplus value.

1. Two key concepts in this video are the means of production and labor. In your comment, explain how you understand the means of production and labor. Give an example of each

According to the video, the means of production is capitalistic production, which is privately owned. Products are sold on a market for profits, so the concept of labor is the only thing that can increase the value capitalists have. Value is dependent on labor, hence to labor being measured by time, minutes, hours and  automated processing. The more labor it takes to make a product, it becomes more valuable. If you’re able to have the product(s) manufactured,  the product will be less valuable because of the decreased labor that went into making the product. An example would be if I were working at McDonalds, my contributions and obligations as an employee is considered labor, while the fryer, oven, food and other aspects are necessarily the means of production.

2. Another important concept in understanding social class is value. Based on the ideas presented in Video 5.1, what is value?  What give “value” to value, what makes something valuable? 

A product’s value will be measured by how much labor goes into the outcome of  making the product. Labor is the only thing that can increase value, with that being said the necessary hours that need to go into production determines value. 

3. How are labor and value related? What’s the relationship/connection between the two?

Labor and value is relatable because in order to produce value, there must be labor. Labor is the connection that contributes to increasing product value. 

4. How do you understand the difference between labor and labor power? Hint:this is a key difference, give it your best shot based on what the video says about it, and your own ideas. We’ll clarify and develop it in our discussions, and in my video comments.

You must sustain labor power through people, thus to labor power not being a form of work nor labor itself. Labor power is a capacity, a potential which can be left fallow or brought into action and which can be used more , when applied it increases the power you have.

5. Surplus Value: what is it? Why is it important to know about, in our study of social classes? Think about an example of surplus value?

Surplus value is the profits made after the initial selling and how much it cost to manufacture the product. Anything an employee makes goes to their bosses’ (capitalists) . As an employee, you will always be paid less than what your labor is worth. Capitalists thrive off employees to increase the value of what is already owned by them, however they need to exploit them (employees) in order to sustain that. 

DISCUSSION BOARD 5.1
1. In my understanding of the video I believe means of production are private owned money making tools. These tools can be stocks, real estate, factories, land, and in the video mentioned Youtube as a means of production owned by google. Not any property or owned thing can be a means of production, it needs to generate money enough for the owner to live out of the profit. Labor is the value that goes into that means of production.  If I owned a huge forest with thousands of trees, that land itself wil not produce value, I most have money to buy labor, and so the worker will harvest the wood for it to then be sold in the market for profit.  In other words, without the labor, there is no value to what I have. 
2. According to the video and as I mentioned before, labor is the only thing that can increase the value of what an owner has.  In other words, a product’s value will be measured by how much labor goes into the making of it. 
3. For a product to be profitable needs two things: Means of production and labor.  According to the video, labor is measured in time, days and years.  For example as the production of things automatizes the value of that good will decrease, because it will take less time to make. As more labor is needed, the greater the value of the good is. 
4. Labor power is the ability to labor, according to the video.  However, it does not make reference to all the hours we put into our labor, but to what it takes, what the owner has to invest to get the worker in.  For example, how much does it cost for McDonalds to get a worker to get to work? How many hours does that employee work? According to the video, the employee can cover the labor power investment maybe in half of his shift (I would guess that even in less time), so the rest of the time is just labor that goes into the owner’s pocket. Thus in my understanding, labor power refers to our worth, how much we are worth to the owner, how much does that owner has to put into us so I take the job. 
5. Surplus value refers to that extra time I work, the profit that the owner will make over the investment he is putting into my labor power. After a worker has covered what the owner has invested to get that worker’s labor, the rest becomes profit that goes to the owner’s pocket. This is important to understand because deconstructing this notion of success and how much work we put into achieving it, is just about how much money I can produce to the owner.  When we think about capital we little often think about teachers as workers within a huge means of production.   Teachers work long hours everyday to generate or educate laborers, but after their shift is over they will take work home.  Yes it is less of a money making activity, or at least indirectly, however that worker has long paid back what it takes to get him/her through the door and into the classroom. The profit that a worker generates after paying back for the labor power, is what is called surplus value. 

1. The means of production refers to all the tools used in the production of goods and services. These tools are primarily physical and its owned by the majority of the top one percent. Thus, for example, in a capitalist economy, the means of production are controlled by the ruling and wealthy class. On the other hand, labor is the process by which time, effort, and skill are invested in the making and delivering goods and services. For example, commuting to work in a restaurant, bar, and construction site daily puts in your labor for the owner to make a profit.

2. I will define value as the amount of labor is incurred in production under normal circumstances. Thus, goods and services gain more value when more time is spent on them and how much they are willing to pay.

3. The relationship between labor and value is that, while labor involves the efforts and time, and skill invested in creating goods and services, value includes labor. How a commodity gains its value is through labor, so it is clear that labor is a determinant of commodity value. On the other hand, we must also be mindful that value can decrease according to the labor invested in it. I will say these two are interdependent.

4.Labor is how time, effort, and skill are invested in the making and delivering of goods and services. Labor power is what increases the value of the commodity when applied. Labor power simply means the ability to labor. Thus, labor power rest in people selling or renting out their labor to capitalist bosses.

5.Surplus value is the remainder of labor or profits gained by owners after workers have labored to produce the commodity or goods and services. Here, employees have to work twice the time to produce the labor equal to their daily satisfaction. In the interest of the wealthy, workers drained themselves to produce extra labor, which generates wealth and riches owners–– thus, profits made out of the additional labor of employees make the capitalist more wealthy.

1.Production is the process of making or creating something from raw materials for example creating furniture, paper etc. Labor is the physical and mental work or effort used to produce goods.

2.Value is the worth of an object or service bring in. Something can become valuable by their importance it have to the owner.

3.The value of something is determine by the amount of time and effort put into the Labor. The amount of labor put into the production of a product increases its value.

4.Labor is what people do to produce goods and services. Labor power is what workers sells to their employers.

5.Surplus Value is the difference between the amount raised from selling a product and the amount it cost the owner to manufacture said product.

1. Two key concepts are means of production and labor. Means of production can be what is needed to make food, such as a stove, gar or electricity, pots and pans as well as utensils are all needed in order to make a meal. Labor is the man power that it takes to actually make it, this being my skills in the kitchen.
2. Value is work to make money measured in time, hours and minutes. For example, a hand stitched dress is more valuable than a dress made in a factory by a machine. The more time that goes into a product the more the value increases.
3. The connection between labor and value is the commodities that are going into a product. The more time of labor being produced the higher the value of the product.
4. Labor is what an individuals can produce. While labor power is the “rented of labor power” to the owner, which helps cover food, shelter, clothing and so on. We rent our services to the owners and receive payment in return.
5. Surplus value is the profit being made that the owner gets to keep, even though they don’t do any of the work. For example this can be seen in at the super market, the workers have different stations they are assigned to, they do their best to keep the costumers happy and have all the produce, meant set up. They are doing all the work, of setting up, helping costumers, keeping the store clean and so on, in return they owners of the chain stores are making a profit from their hard work. This is important to know in the study of social classes as it helps us see how big companies really benefit from their employees hard work, and also to see what they pay attention to and what matters to them as owners.

1.Production is the process of making  or producing something that was made . An example of production is land. Land is a production that creates raw materials such as gold, coal, and  water. Labor is the amount of physical and mental time producing a product that can increase the value and being able to make a profit out of it. Hospital is an example of labor where everyone has a different position such as doctors, nurses, clercs,ect where people are responsible for the production of taking care of people in the hospital and making sure the patient heals well.

2.Based on the ideas presented in Video 5.1, the value is the amount of  time towards the work you do. The more time creating  or producing a product will mainly determine the increased value of the object or  manufactured item. Things can be valuable by the opportunity cost a person is willing to pay for an item. I purchase a telfar bag costing  $165 I would wonder why it cost this amount and finding out that its made with 100% vegan leather and genderless fashion label. Paying for quality equals increased sale price. 

3.Labor and value are related  because the value of an object can increase the amount of  time the labor has to be performed for on a routined production. You are unable to take advantage of one thing without having the other which together labor and value  creates a puzzle. The value of something can also decrease based on gteh quality of labor performed for production. 

4.The difference between labor and labor power is labor is something people do to produce services and goods whereas labor power is the amount of time and effort that has been put into making the product. Labor power refers to the process of or the amount of people working on a product. Labor power can also cost the owner because if the labor power is very expensive they may not make a big profit when it comes to the value of the product.

5. Surplus value is the number of  earnings the owner receives after the overflow of value that is produced by workers and selling to initiate an income. Which means after paying for labor of production it is the surplus made from the sales for a profit. This is important to know about the study of social class because this shows how capitalism focuses on making the owner richer and we don’t even notice.  An example of surplus value is workers making  more value than what they actually are worth and the profit in the amount of value is kept by the owner.

1. Two key concepts in this video are the means of production and labor. In your comment, explain how you understand the means of production and labor. Give an example of each.

On my understanding to the video regarding the means of production and labor. First, means of production are the tools used to produce something. Those tools are provided to reinforcing labor to producing a great quality and quantity of production. Moreover, some means are owned by capitalist which is called in the Marx theory capitalist productions whish are a source of profit by selling them in the market. Those tools are the machines, material, and supply and in the case mentioned in the video phone, camera and even YouTube link are considered means of product. Second the labor which is an important source to increasing the value of product as it says in the theory of labor, “A products’ value is measured by how much labor it is takes to produce under normal circumstances”. Labor is the production process in which an amount of time and effort are devoted to make commodity determining and increasing its value. For example, daily work that everybody is doing such as working in fast food or in any other structures.      

2. AND 3 . Another important concept in understanding social class is value. Based on the ideas presented in Video 5.1, what is value?  What give “value” to value, what makes something valuable? . How are labor and value related? What’s the relationship/connection between the two?

Based on the ideas presented on the video it understandable that value is the cost of the products and what it worth in terms of passing from labor process. The thing that makes something valuable is the amount of effort and time devoted by labors to produces it. It clear that labor play a great role in giving something its value and the more labore takes time to make the product in the normal circumstances the better it is valuable. This explanation could also determine the relationship between labor and valued.

4. How do you understand the difference between labor and labor power? Hint: this is a key difference, give it your best shot based on what the video says about it, and your own ideas. We’ll clarify and develop it in our discussions, and in my video comments.

on my understanding the difference between labor and labor power is that the labor power is the abilities that worker has, and it could be sold which means it considered as commodity, while labor is not a commodity, and it is a production process which is defined by the amount the effort made in certain time to make products.       

5. Surplus Value: what is it? Why is it important to know about, in our study of social classes? Think about an example of surplus value?

Surplus Value is what it known a profit which is the amount of money that owners gain with out working for it or spending their own money. In other words, the profit is the money that workers make through the commodity they made during the labor and goes only for the owner even if the worker devoted time and effort without gaining composition or without getting paid for it. This process was explained by Marx as an exploitation for those workers. It is important to know about it in our study of social class because it the source of the wealth and it explain the way in which capitalist remain wealthy. the example of super plus value is the extra work done by worker which its output goes for only the owner even if the worker did the job for free.

1. Production refers to the action or process of being manufactured from some materials. For example, using some wood to manufacture pieces of furniture, the processing is production. The means for labor is the most important commodity in the world by rending out time and ability to create value. For example, a piece of wood becoming valuable furniture has to be manufactured by people’s labor.

2. Value refers to making a product by how much labor under normal circumstances. Value is not price, in fact, it refers to the use value of the commodity, and what can it bring? For example, the computer has the value of surfing the Internet, doing homework, studying, communicating, etc. The bed has the value of allowing people to lie down and sleep and rest. These so-called values refer to use values.

3. According to the video, the normal connection between labor and value is measured by how much labor it takes to produce under normal circumstances. In general the more time of labor on produce, the value more likely increases.

4.  Labor refers to the labor provided by human beings in the production process, including mental labor and physical labor.​ Labor power is workers sell their ability, experience, physicals power and time to employees, so labor power is found only in people, and when workers go to work they rent out their labor power for the day.

5. Surplus labor is when employers exploit the most portion value from workers. In general, workers are always being paid less than what their labor is actually worth. That’s how capitalism works: they hire other people to increase the value of what they have, and then employers keep that extra value for themselves. Marx thought that capitalism, everything that has come with it, is sustained only by exploring the working class.