Module 2 Assignment #2: Prenatal Development (5/28-5/31)

Maternal-Stress-Issue-Brief-January2015

Watch the video What Babies Learn Before They are Born (I suggest completing this handout while watching the video) and read March of Dimes (2015).  Use information from the video and the reading to answer the questions below:

  1. Why is the prenatal period important?
  2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
  3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
  4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
  5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
  6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?

Reply to 2 other comments!

57 thoughts on “Module 2 Assignment #2: Prenatal Development (5/28-5/31)

  1. Maria Kaye

    1.Why is the prenatal period important?
    Prenatal period molds the fetus much more than any other stage. While in the womb the fetus learns from its Mother not only about food. smells, sounds, but also about emotions and dangers.
    During this time while the fetus is developing if a mother is stressed or going through a hard time the fetus has a greater risk of having the same feelings outside the womb. What a mothers eats during pregnancy whether an abundant diet or a very scares diet do to hardships will also have an affect on the fetus later in life. Anything and everything a mother does while pregnant will have an impact on the fetus, this can either be a great benefit to the fetus or have more of a drastic effect. If while pregnant the mother has a very jolly life the baby will adapt to atmosphere and most likely be the same way once out the womb. If a mother has a very difficult time with wok, personal life, and is emotionally unstable we can assume the fetus will adapt to this behavior.

    2.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    Considering what is happening with the Pandemic I think greatest impact on the prenatal development can be preterm deliveries, babies low birthweight, PTSD, health complications for both mother and child, even developmental delays in the babies.

    3.What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Many fetuses may be receiving the biological postcard as a quiet world, a scared world, uncertainty, no social interaction coming from their mothers. A. World where many foods are not accessible, many chemicals that are being used to keep their environment clean, but also not being able to smell the outside world behind the masks.

    4.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    The baby can develop health risks, feel uneasy when going outside, not be able to recognize what socialization is. The child may not experience what is like to have family around to meet them after birth, not recognize smells, get startled by sounds but recognize the sounds of sirens.
    The babies emotions may take longer to develop as stress was the main feeling they knew while in the womb. Culture can n also be a big shock to the baby as what culture is today is not the same as it was 4 months ago.

    5.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    Adults who are being born during the pandemic may experience PTSD due to their mother’s PTSD during their pregnancy. Some adults may experience health issues if the mother was unable to consume enough nutritious food during the pandemic as well the stress levels the mother encounter.

    6.Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    My advise to my friend who is currently on her third trimester would be to care for herself as she did before the Pandemic started. To try to be as positive, easy going, loving, caring as possible, and to assure her baby that when she is born she will be there to protect her. I would advise my friend to try to keep her stress level as low as possible, and have a well balanced diet, not to watch the news as often as the baby can make out tones being used by individual when speaking.
    Use words of encouragement, have positive conversations with her husband, take walks, safely take car trips where the surroundings and smells are different. Above all just give her baby an infinite amount of love, and that the world will be a in much better shape once she gets here.

    1. Keneshia Wright

      Hi Maria

      This COVID-19 is really a difficult time for most people. Just imagining a child coming into a world with so much going on its just sad. That’s very advice you gave to your friend that’s pregnant. My sister is pregnant and I told her to stay positive at all time.

    2. Camila Polo

      Hi Maria,
      I enjoyed reading this, my cousin is actually pregnant during this time and I loved that you included using words of encouragement as your advise. I will absolutely try to use more encouraging language.
      -Camila

    3. Kelly Nunez

      Hey Maria,

      this is good advise to give to your friend. I think often when we allow social media platforms get into our head we lose whats most important and its to remain calm and healthy but not only for us but for the sake of the baby. Thankfully when i gave birth in January it was still the early stages of COVID so I didn’t panic but a friend of mine is on her third trimester and i know its difficult for her at this moment..

  2. shayna velez

    1.Why is the prenatal period important?
    Prenatal period is important because when you become pregnant ,you have to really take care of yourself ,by not taking any kind of drugs or alcohol , so the baby can be healthy and have no affects, also you have to try to maintain your body by doing light exercise and not stress yourself out , also you have to go to all your appointments and get updates on the baby.

    2.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?

    Pregnancy can be an exciting time, but also one of uncertainty. The COVID-19 pandemic understandably adds further stress and may cause anxiety in some people.

    3.What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?

    Many fetuses may be receiving the biological postcard as a quiet world, a scared world, uncertainty, no social interaction coming from their mothers.

    4.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    If a woman is experiencing significant mental distress, it is vital to speak to a doctor, midwife, or counselor.For example:Depression during pregnancy is common but treatable. Even if they are physical distancing, pregnant women do not have to face depression or other mental health concerns alone.

    5.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    The Covid-19 pandemic could have a similar effect, according to experts. Even if you aren’t clinically diagnosed with PTSD, you may have a strong emotional reaction to the trauma of Covid-19 that can last long after an incident. For example, healthcare workers providing frontline services, as well as people who have lost loved ones or jobs due to the disease may be at greater risk for developing long-term difficulties. Those who struggle with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression, or who have a prior history of trauma, may be at increased risk of more ongoing distress.

    6.Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?

    I would advise who ever is pregnant to try to keep their stress level low and to keep being cautious , wash your hands and keep wearing a mask, so the baby don’t get any type of sickness Also stay away and not watch the news

    1. Camila Polo

      Hi Shayna,
      I didn’t even think of the “biological postcard” being a quite world. That is so true, I bet when the baby is world it might be frightened by the loud noises of New York City, assuming this is all over by then.
      -Camila

    2. Elianna

      hey Shayna
      I liked your response to question 1 because it was in your own words and straight forward. Also, I like your advice to those expecting during this time because I wrote something similar and I totally agree.

    3. Arelis Marie Elias

      Thank you for stating to not watch the news. The world is a mess right now and it is just time to focus on ourselves loving our bodies and our minds and each other. The best thing to do is to prevent any stress-causing factors to protect yourself and your baby, family, and friends.

  3. Keneshia Wright

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    Its important because it’s a time of physical growth, what’s happening inside the brain is critical for future psychological development.

    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what fetal stages of prenatal development?
    I believe with this pandemic it will cause a lot of birth defect, health complications and delays in a child ability to function.

    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be received during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Many fetuses may be receiving a biological postcard a lot of uncertainty, individual fighting for there life’s on ventilator, certain equipment to save life’s not available.

    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    A baby may have birth defect, not able to meet some individual from there family because they passed away from COVID-19. A baby can also cry a lot because the did a lot of cry while the baby was in the womb.

    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Adult who are born during the COVID-19 might have a lot of health issues.

    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    My sister is pregnant, her due date is August 16th. I advice her not to worry because worrying is not good for her or the baby. I advice to act as if COVID-19 is not going on and always think positive thoughts no matter how things may seems and speak positively. Eat right and trust in the most high God because he never leave us nor forsake us.

    1. Maria Kaye

      Hi Keneshia,
      the thought of a baby crying more than usual do to their mother or loves ones around them crying often breaks my heart. In a couple of years i would be interested in reading the studies they will have from the babies being born during the pandemic.

    2. Elianna

      hey keneshia
      I agree with many of your responses. Especially number 3 because the feeling mothers are having right now is probably a lot of uncertainty because many are questioning if they can do and continue on with there pregnancy due to the mother catching COVID-19, not having people in the delivery room, and lack of money or food, etc all this stress on top of stress.

    3. Denise Newland Stewart

      Keneshia, I am in agreement with you and the advice given to your sister. It is only human for her to be concerned about the virus. However, as you said she has to stay positive, stay inside as much as she can, and eat healthy. Remind her that during this COVID-19, mothers delivered healthy babies so she just need to be calm and be safe and it will all be well. The Father will bring her through.

  4. Janate Bratton

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?

    Answer: prenatal period is so important because it can reduce the risk of complications to the mother and fetus during pregnancy.

    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?

    Answer: The COVID-19 pandemic adds further stress and may cause anxiety in some pregnancy which can cause alot of birth defect, health complications and delays in a child ability to function.

    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be received during the COVID-19 crisis?

    Answer: Many fetuses may be receiving the biological postcard as scary, lonely, upset, depress, uncertain as well/

    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    Answer: If the mother is experiencing significant mental distress the baby can develop depression as well , knowing that their carrier was suffering from depression may cause depression on them.

    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    Answer: Adults who are being born during the pandemic may experience PTSD due to their mother’s PTSD during their pregnancy with carrying them.

    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?

    Answer: My advise to a family member who is pregnant during this COVID19 crisis is wash your hands and keep wearing a mask, think positive thoughts no matter how things may seems at the moment and speak positively manifestation is real, if it is vital to speak to a doctor, midwife, or counselor if you’re feeling depress or worried, eat healthy, get rest.

    1. Maria Kaye

      Hi Janete, i think it is so important to have a support system all the time, but specially now and even more for women who are pregnant. It is essential they find all the help they can get both for them and the baby.

      1. Delesah

        Hi
        Everyone.. Yes I agree about support system its really important to have people being able to help you and guide you down the right path especially through really rough times like these

    2. emily soto

      i agree with your response to question one about the prenatal period and why its important because it can reduce the risk of complications to the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Also on the advice you would give to a family member. o always wear a mask and gloves.

  5. emily soto

    1. The prenatal period is important because its a time physical growth. Its the time when the baby starts to develop, its the time where a mother has to restrain from certain things because the baby is starting to form. During this period what’s going on inside the brain is critical for future psychological development.
    2.The impact that covid 19 could have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development is adding more stress on the mother and can cause worrying for the expecting mother. It can cause birth defects.
    3.Many fetuses may be receiving the biological postcard as a quiet world, a scared mother during uncertain times
    4. The impact that could the COVID-19 crisis could have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis) could be that the mother could be stressed, overwhelmed, scared,. The baby might have birth defects
    5. The impact could that the COVID-19 crisis could have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis) could be that adult could have lost someone during this pandemic. (Maybe a parent) that could impact the adult because he or she didn’t get to meet their family. They can experience depression.
    6. The advice that I would give to a mother pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis would be to stay positive in the midst of caous. To take care of yourself, maintain you distance and wear a mask.

    1. Taina

      Hi Emily, I agree with your recommendation because after reading the article and watching the video I believe being positive is the best medicine a mother could give the fetus during this terrible time. The more positive the mother remains about the situation the more comforting the baby may feel and it could help reduce any negative impact.

  6. Yan kyaw

    Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal period is important because the scientists are discovering about what fetuses learn while they’re still in their mother’s belly first of all they learned the sound of their mothers voices because sounds from the outside world have to reveal through the mother’s abdominal tissue and through the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus. For the fetus baby, the pregnant woman needs to eat healthy food. Some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent and higher rates of stillbirth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality. And also, Fetuses are taking cusessfro the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiology accordingly they’re preparing themselves for the king of the world they will encounter.
    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    There are currently no studies that show evidence the virus can be passed from mother to fetus before delivery. A report in The Lancet medical journal looked at nine pregnant women in China in their third trimester with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. None of the mothers developed severe illness. Two babies did show some signs of distress, but all nine babies were born alive and fairly healthy. Additionally, they all tested negative for coronavirus. (According to http://WWW.acog.org)
    What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    COVID-19 had a big worldwide crisis. It’s like the circle of life that this fetus is in a similar situation. So, there are no biological postcards from the outside world for a fetus in NYC during the COVID-19 crisis.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    I don’t have experience but the research said there is no negative physical effect for babies because the baby endurance system can protect the COVID-19 virus. But, according to this video, the mineral will cause problems not only for babies but also mothers.
    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    According to this video, the women who are pregnant during the COVID-19 will get PTSD disorder. The video explained the relationship between 9/11and pregnant. Fetuses are taking cues for the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiology accordingly they’re preparing themselves for the king of the world they will encounter. So, it will affect the mother and baby too. When the baby adult, the trauma and stress will still be in their mind because of when they were fetuses taking cues for the intrauterine environment.

    Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Eating nutrient food, resting and sleeping at least 9 hours per days. :). I don’t really know. My mom told me.

    1. Luis Martinez

      Hey Yan Kyaw
      I’m Luis Martinez, I agree with you on question number #2, I read the same article that said “There are currently no studies that show evidence the virus can be passed from mother to fetus before delivery. A report in The Lancet medical journal looked at nine pregnant women in China in their third trimester with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. None of the mothers developed severe illness. Two babies did show some signs of distress, but all nine babies were born alive and fairly healthy. Additionally, they all tested negative for coronavirus”.I belive that they should conduct deeper studies to evaluate the three first life months of the baby to detemine wether if they can still test postive/negative to the virus, because once the baby is out she/he is exposed to the enviroment materials.

  7. Yasmina Nait Slimane

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal is considered an important part of the developmental process because It is the period where all the structure of our body is formed. Also, it is an extremely sensitive and vulnerable stage where the fetus could be affected by not only what the mother does or eat but also, by the negative, positive, and traumatic events she is exposed to during her pregnancy. These experiences could affect her feeling which lead to influences the fetus. Furthermore, This period decides whether the growth normal and thus the child will be healthy or if the growth is abnormal therefore the child will be in danger.

    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    As we consider the trauma and stress that everyone has experienced during the covid-19 crisis especially pregnant women. I think the fetus could be affected not by the virus but by the stress and the anxiety that the mother has experienced. As we know that everything that happen for the mother could affect her fetus. In supporting to this idea Annie Murphy Paul in her video asserts that research had proved that the mothers who had experienced the PTSD during the 9/11 event had transmitted the PTSD for their fetus.

    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    I think that the post carts might a fetus in New York City be receiving will be different from a child to child and that will be depends on the mother’s reaction and the structure of their body. However, we might be could notice the isolation and social interaction trouble. Since in the age of covid-19 we are forced to avoid interactions.

    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    As we consider the trauma and stress during this crisis I think that the new born in the first 2 month will not show any sign of influences in case of healthy and safe delivery for both mother and child because in this period the baby don’t have idea about the exterior world and his or her focus just to the mother. So, if the mom take precaution about how to treat her newborn and keep it safe, the newborn will be safe and healthy. However, in case of an unhealthy delivery the baby could show certain symptoms depends of the situation.

    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    In the age adulthood people who experienced stress during the covid-19 are at risk of having PTSD. Even though the posttraumatic stress disorder it is a reaction of the traumatic events, research according to this video had shown that the child could carry the PTSD and it will appear latter in individual’s life.

    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advises would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    My advices for women who carry their baby during this critical crisis is to stay social distancing, avoid any situation that could transmit to her the virus. wash hands frequently, if you obsess by infecting grocery or home supply with bleach or any kind of chemical product stay away from it. I will tell them If you are in a pick of your stress do not go through alcohol or smoking it affect not only your fetus but also your health. avoid crowded places and eventually stay positive, patience and courageous as much as possible you can. Moreover, my advice for people around the pregnant women to respect the covid-19 guideline, as well as give her psychological support and provide an appropriate atmosphere in order to help her to deal with this challenging period.

    1. Taina

      Hi Yasmina! I agree that the “Biological postcard” will differ from fetus to fetus because everyone is handling this situation different. To some it’s an “Okay, I can handle this, me and my baby will be okay as long as I follow proper precautions” while others, like myself, are going insane thinking about the negative impact it has created and will continue to create…So yes, I agree with you that post cards will be different and affect differently.

    2. kenneth soto

      I also agree about the “biological postcard.” because I think there are some mothers who may stress more than the others, or there may be mothers who are not really stressed at all by COVID-19.

    3. Luis Martinez

      Hey Yasmina
      Good advice, especially with avoiding the use of cleaning/disfecting products, becuase the chemicals
      found inside these products is harmful to the fetus,affecting the early stages of development.

  8. Camila Polo

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?

    The prenatal period is important because it is a crucial part of development and in fact when we begin learning.

    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?

    A large impact that can occur during a pregnancy during the CODIV-19 crisis is the mother passing a susceptibility to PTSD to the fetus during the 3rd trimester. As well as malnutrition while pregnant due to scarcity, but once the baby is born it experiences overwhelming amount of supply leading to obesity, and other health problems.

    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?

    Due to the COVID-19 crisis a fetus in New York City might receive a “biological postcard” that isn’t so positive. It might think it is coming into a world of scarcity, or shortage of supplies, maybe because the mother has lost her job and can’t afford certain things. It might also think that it won’t be protected or is scared because the mother is scared and unsure about the future. These factors lead me to believe that the fetus receiving a “biological postcard” might be feeling the stress of the mother and learning that the world they’re coming into might not be a great one.

    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    A baby born right after the pandemic ends could potentially experience low birth weight, hypertension, developmental delays, preterm birth, birth defects, still birth or infant mortality.

    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    The impact an adult who was born right after the COVID-19 crisis may be obesity, diabetes heart disease, high blood pressure, and poor cholesterol profiles.

    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?

    My cousins is actually pregnant during this pandemic, she is in her 3rd trimester and after reading the march of dimes article and watching this TED talk I have advised her to try and remain calm, to eat as normally as she would and that if she needed any help I would be more than happy to help in order for her to remain calm.

    1. Arelis Marie Elias

      Wishing your cousins a safe and healthy pregnancy. I have two one-year-old girls and I have also read stories and listened to a lot of music. No coincidence they love music and dancing it is very important to stay happy, calm, and positive. I never knew that a pandemic such as this can affect the fetus I always heard that babies can feel what you feel I just thought it was not a real thing.

  9. Taina

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal period is important because it is the time where the fetus develops and prepares for the outside world. The fetus is at its most vulnerable time period and the actions of its mother can determine its health and future. During this period, the fetus is constantly being taught by its mother. It learns what is safe and unsafe, it learns its mothers voice, language, its culture, sound, taste smell, gets introduced to flavor, spices and shares emotions with its mother and much more
    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    Considering everyone experiences trauma and stress due to Covid-19 and is pregnant or will later on become pregnant, the stressors, worries, anxiety and trauma would reflect onto the fetus. Such stressors could cause an increase rate of infant mortality, low birth and preterm birth, hypertension and developmental delays in the baby and increase Fetal cortisol levels.
    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    The “biological postcards” that a fetus in New York City might potentially receive during the Covid-19 crisis is one of danger or threat, especially if the Mom isn’t handling the crisis very well. The fetus could also potentially receive a biological postcard of a feeling of being alone due to the fact that we have to practice social distance. It could also get a sense of a need of survival once out.
    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the Covid-19 crisis. The Impact from that stress and trauma can affect a baby born right after the pandemic ends by increasing its birth weight or increasing its chances of coming out prematurely, or with characteristics of autism. The stress and trauma from the mother could slow down its developmental rate and increase its chances for hypertension. The baby might come out feeling like it has to fight for survival, it could come out stressed or angry. Depending on how well the world is doing after the pandemic, the baby might feel a sense of confusion as life goes back to normal compared to when it was inside the womb.
    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    The adult could suffer from PTSD, Have an addiction to prescription drugs to cope with the stressors, be overweight or obese, show characteristics of autism, and or have other health issues due to the stress from the mother while she was pregnant.
    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    During this horrendous time, I would tell a pregnant family member to remain as positive as she can be. I would recommend daily exercise based on her limitations and meditate often. I would also recommend a healthy diet, soothing music for both her and the baby, and for her to just talk to the fetus everyday and tell the fetus everything is going to be okay.

  10. Elianna

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    – The prenatal period is important because when a baby is in the fetus is when leaning starts. They start hearing voices especially the sound of the mother, also taste and smell when bored they remember these tastes and smell, even the emotions the mother feels fetus take that in as information, and lastly what’s going on in the world can affect your baby due to your reaction to what happen Annie shared how this happen to expect mothers after world war 2 and 9/11.
    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    -The impact COVID-19 has on a fetus because of experience trauma and stress can increase rates of infant motility, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Also. health complications and developmental delays can be seen in the baby once born.
    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -I think I agree with Annie she stated the fetus will be looking for answers to questions that are critical and about survival. So a fetus in Nyc during this crisis can feel the mother’s emotions and not all mothers expecting are taking these crises calmly, So a fetus can be as stress and scared like the mother and due to not going outside many fetuses won’t regozince many sounds once born due being in quarantine or many smells due to the mother always wearing a mask.
    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -The impact Covid-19 has on a baby born right after the pandemic ends is the baby’s immune system can be very bad due not being out or experiencing the world as much as babies born before this pandemic so the baby can constantly be getting sick causing the baby to develop health risks . The baby development can also be atypical because the baby is not used to socialization, recognize many smells, may not be willing to try new foods. Lastly, the baby can have emotional issues due to how the mother reacted during the pandemic.
    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on an adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -The impact COVID-19 could have on an adult born right after the pandemic ended is probably the or similar impact it had on those born after 9/11. The adults can experience post-traumatic stress disorders also having a hyper-awareness of there surroundings.
    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -The advice I would give is not to be stress or overthink things because stress before and during pregnancy can result in poor birth outcomes. I would suggest reading and listen to music especially read to the baby and let the baby hear the music. I would suggest taking daily walks protected of course and to try not to think if bad things but good. Also would say try not to watch the news a lot and try to let friends and family over with good energy as long you know they don’t got or had COVID-19. Always just stay positive and remember that even before birth mothers are warning there children about the world and we can’t think about the bad in the world we got to promote the health and well being of the next generation and to focus on what they are teaching there fetus to learn while development because leaning is one life’s essential activities so we gotta spread knowledge wisely.

    1. sydnie d

      Hey Elianna, staying away from the news is great advice. Sometimes we feel the need to always stay informed but watching everything that’s going on recently everyday can become very overwhelming and draining, especially for a pregnant woman.

  11. Arelis Marie Elias

    1)Why is the prenatal period important?
    -The prenatal period is important because it is where the most important first learning experiences start at the womb including sounds.
    2)Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    -Trauma and stress cause the fetus’s first complications that can lead to birth mortality, low birth rates, and premature birth that can cause long term effects. Covid-19 is not common in babies in particular but pregnant women are dying before giving birth as well and are experiencing traumatic events that are affecting the baby before birth.
    3)What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -A fetus from New York City is changing their physiology and also their biological markers learning about PTSD. Those women who are suffering from Covid-19 or the traumatic events and are suffering due to losing their finances, jobs, family or friends are not eating sufficiently or will suffer from PTSD it affects the way the baby eats inside the womb and is developing as well as the intake of trauma and stress as the baby takes in signals from the mother that the outside world is dangerous.

    4)Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -Babies will be more sustainable for having more health complications than a baby whose mother was not affected by COVID-19.

    5)Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on an adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -An adult can suffer from PTSD as well as other health complications like obesity because of their development in the womb. It all depends as well on their upbringing and if they choose the right path in life because there are other environmental factors that can change from prenatal to adult development.
    6)Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -I would tell them to try their best to stay positive during these hard times direct them to any food banks and some government assistance programs that are out there to relieve some stress that they may have due to losing jobs or any financial strain that they may have. I would also consider them to listen to music and read books and to speak positive because the baby is learning and listening and feeling.

    1. sydnie d

      Hey Arelis, I really like the advice you gave. A lot of people have lost their jobs and are in tough financial situations and they don’t know where to go next, so those resources and programs are definitely important.

  12. sydnie d

    Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal period is important because the earliest stages is where the baby begins to learn. Our health throughout our lives is crucially affected by the prenatal period. At this time the fetus is forming physically and developing some senses. They learn their mother’s voice and their olfactory receptors are developing. Everything the mother does or takes in goes straight to the fetus.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    This COVID-19 crisis is causing a great amount of stress to a lot of people, especially those women who are pregnant. Women who experience high levels of stress during their pregnancy are at a higher risk for preterm delivery, their child to have a low birth weight, congenital heart defects, obesity, autism-like characteristics, or even in severe cases increased rates of infant mortality.

    What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Almost all of what a pregnant woman encounters in her life everyday is shared with her fetus. The food and drink she takes in, the air or chemicals she’s exposed to, even the emotions she feels. A lot of cleaning is constantly happening around this time so a pregnant women may be breathing in more chemicals now than she usually would. Food and drinks varies based on the situation the woman is in. A lot of women aren’t able to go outside to make it to the supermarket so they may be ordering in a lot more than they would like to. This long quarantine may make a pregnant woman feel alone which leads to a lot of sad/depressive thoughts.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    Women who were pregnant during a similar traumatic experience like 9/11 were reported to have had shorter pregnancies. In a crisis like this where people are out of work, lives are being lost, and a virus is spreading pregnant women are most likely experiencing high levels of stress and are more likely to slip in a depressive state. Even just being in an environment where cleaning products are constantly being used can have an affect on pregnant women. Babies born right after the pandemic ends are more likely to be born premature or experience problems like heart defects, autism-like characteristics, low birth weight.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    An adult who was born right after the pandemic ended can experience possible health problems. Maybe PTSD from the amount of stress their mother was under.

    Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    It may be tough to keep stress levels down around this time but maybe focusing on a hobby or maybe having something to look forward to may help. There are a lot of resources online for pregnant women, activities like meditation or yoga during pregnancy can help. A lot of people are isolated and may be without family which can add stress. If you have family maybe scheduling phone calls or meetings weekly to talk or if they have no family there are a lot of virtual therapy sessions or toll free numbers that can be found online to help women through these tough times.

    1. Marilyn Jimenez

      I really liked your answer to the last question about advise to a pregnant mom during covid-19 I will definitely be telling my friend to maybe take up a hobby to keep her distracted from all the stress this pandemic is giving her!

  13. kenneth soto

    1.Why is the prenatal period important?
    The Prenatal period is important because fetuses are able to learn during this period. When fetuses are still in the womb they learn their mother’s voice and will recognize her voice when they are born. When babies are born they cry in the ancient language of their mother’s native language which may further endear the baby to the mother and may give them a head start in learning how to understand and speak their language. Fetus are also able to taste and smell at 7 months of gestation. Through food they are learning about the food they eat and cultural foods and spices. . Also the baby’s health and well being is crucially affected during this time. Basically everything the mother does during the prenatal period affects the child they are carrying.

    2.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    The COVID-19 crisis can negatively impact the fetus because the mother experiences stress which can negatively impact the fetus. According to the March of Dimes article, maternal stress can lead to poor birth outcomes including low birth weight, preterm birth, infant mortality and low birth weight.

    3.What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Some “biological postcards from the world outside” a fetus might receive in New York City during the COVID-19 crisis is the feeling of being scared or worried. If the mother doesn’t have access to proper nutrition the fetus body might think that they are not going to have enough food or only eat the foods that are available to the mother.

    4.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    An impact a fetus might receive in New York City after the COVID-19 pandemic would probably be similar to the story that Annie Murphy Pual told about the Dutch “hunger winter”. Some pregnant people might not be able to access food so the child might be born with bodies built to hang on to every calorie which may result in obesity, diabetes and heart disease. The baby might also have PTSD or stress based on how negatively the mother was impacted by COVID-19.

    5.Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on an adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    Adults who were born during the pandemic might have issues with their health mentally and physically depending on how the mother was during her pregnancy. They might experience PTSD or stress or anxiety as their mother did.

    6.Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    I would tell my pregnant family member to make sure they have proper nutrition to prevent the baby from being born with low birth weight. I would also tell her to try to remain calm and try to worry too much and be too stressed because that can negatively affect the baby at the moment, during birth and in the future. I would also offer my help and advise her to seek help if she needs it so she won’t worry to much.

    1. Denise Newland Stewart

      I agree with you Kenneth, they will experience health issues in the long term such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure etc. However, the good new from those same researchers said that the fetus prepares themselves forr the kind of world they will experience when they come out of the womb, because they experienced and adjusted to the ups and downs their mothers experienced while they were in the womb, and after birth, they can become adult survivors.

  14. Luis Martinez

    Why is the prenatal period important?

    The prenatal period is also a critical stage of development, where physical growth starts before birth delivery comes, the brain starts forming and setting up specific tasks that would be sent throughout the body and as well preparing for future psychological development. The brain development that takes place during the prenatal period helps set the course(path) for what will take place outside the womb. Prenatal care is essential because it can decrease the risk of complications to the mother and fetus during pregnancy. It’s very important, that women who are planning to become pregnant or have may become pregnant should discuss pregnancy planning with a doctor.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact

    could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?

    The impact of COVID-19 crisis could lead to serious underlying side effects regarding with stress, resulting on damages or not damage at all on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development. According to the March of Dimes a national voluntary health agency highlights that research suggest that stress before and during pregnancy correlates with poor birth outcomes and subsequent poor health outcomes for children as they grow and developed. Overall, maternal stress has been associated with increased rates of infant mortality, low birthweight and preterm birth, all of which may have long term consequences for health and development throughout childhood to adulthood.

    What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?

    Pregnant women who are experiencing or going through some form of stress within the scale of determination from mild, moderate, and severe stress, during this COVID-19 crisis. Pregnant women in this pandemic are at risk of having stress related pregnancy complications. Depending on the level of stress of the mother. For instance, women with high levels of stress in pregnancy had an increased likelihood of having children with autism-like characteristics, this association was most pronounced in children of women with high stress levels during the first trimester. Another negatively impact would be that it’s supported by several studies, that demonstrates an association between maternal stress in pregnancy and congenital heart.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    The impact of women’s anxiety and/or depression during pregnancy and after the pandemic comes to an end will certainly cause a child to exhibit development and mental health problems as he/she moves on from childhood into adolescence. According to the March of Dimes the increased fetal cortisol levels may affect the function of a certain part of the brain, which leads to impaired cognitive reaction time in adolescence. The newborn may also cry excessively for no apparent reason, according to studies excessively crying can produce so much cortisol that can potentially damage a baby’s brain.

    Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on an adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?

    Early life stress can potentially lead to negative health outcomes in adulthood, studies based on stress/depression suggest that can potentially be link with this pandemic crisis, the adult may be antisocial meaning having trouble forming strong relationships(attachments). The adult may have to take medications to control their depression/anxiety.

    Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-1

    Depending on the economic circumstances of the family, I know it’s hard to reach out to the family when they are facing economic hardships especially in this pandemic. I will try to give the best possible recommendation to the pregnant women, such as telling her to stay away from thinking negative thoughts, by taking a moment to meditate, taking a deep breath and relaxing for a couple of moments, as well taking short trips by going outside, suggesting her to protect herself by wearing mask and gloves and practicing social distancing. I would strongly suggest her no to watch news constantly and encouraging her to do something that she is best/enjoys at such as cooking, baking and among more.

    1. Marilyn Jimenez

      I agree with your answer to question three Stress is one of the major issues woman have during pregnancy and allot of woman now during this pandemic are suffering from the stress of having to worry about all the normal pregnancy stuff plus fear of catching the virus while pregnant.

  15. Denise Newland Stewart

    Module 2 Assignment #2: Prenatal Development

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal period is important because that is a time of physical growth and what happens in the brain is very important for future developments, as it sets the pathway for what happens outside of the womb.
    2 Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the
    COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    -Germinal stage, – This is the first and shortest stages of life – the two (2) week period after conception. Trauma and stress experienced during COVID-19 can impact this stage of child development by slowing down the growth process and contributing to miscarriage.
    -Embryonic stage, – (8th week of pregnancy) the stage at which organs and structures of the baby is fully formed and starts growing rapidly. The baby’s organs begin to develop, and the baby is most at risk. Thus, Trauma and stress experienced during COVID-19 can affect birth defects. Mothers who might be given certain medication for stress/trauma might contribute to birth defects, likewise if the mother takes illegal drugs, use alcohol, bad nutrition or catches the virus, all can contribute to miscarriage or birth defects.
    -The fetal stage is the last stage of prenatal development which continues from two months after conception until birth. During this time period, the fetus grows quickly, and bones and muscles are formed and start to function, and the brain also increases in size. Stress and trauma from COVID-19 can contribute premature baby, poor nutrition, use of alcohol, smoking and drugs can contribute to birth defects or death. Considering that whatever challenges the mother encounters, the baby also experiences them.
    2. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -The fetus is learning during the months in the womb and whatever the mother experiences from the outside world, the fetus will integrate them into his own body and treat them as information or biological postcards. Therefore, during COVID 19 in NYC, the fetus might receive less nutritious food if the mom becomes challenged in providing adequate and nutritious food. Emotional feelings (fear, anger, sadness, joy, disgust, trust) will affect the fetus. Also, if the mom catches the virus, the fetus might experience birth defects or death.

    3. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -The baby could be born in a world of abundance if the mother has what she needs for herself and the child, or scarcity if those resources are not possible. If the mom feels safe and protected, the baby will have similar experience or if constant dangers or threats are experienced, the baby will have the same experience. Mom believing her life will be long and fruitful, likewise the baby’s. Therefore, the negative challenges experienced by the mom during pregnancy, the baby might be born with malnutrition, birth defects, or small in weights.

    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    -Based on the research that was done with mothers who had babies during a European devastation years after when those children became adults. They experienced some of these problems and I think COVID-19 adults will also experience challenges with obesity, diabetes, heart diseases. Prenatal stages of development can also change their bodies in various ways, such as – higher blood pressure, poor cholesterol, under nutrition results in disease later. That lack of nutrition with the mothers contributed to the fetus diverting nutrients to the brain and disadvantaged the other organs like the heart and liver in order to keep the fetus alive while in the womb. The latter consequences when they become adults later in life, those deprived organs will be prone to disease. On the other hand, research indicated that the fetus will prepare themselves for the kind of world they will experience when they come out of the womb, so the possibility exists that through the ups and downs in the womb, they become adults’ survivors.
    6 Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    -I would tell mothers to be encouraged because though they are pregnant during the virus, if they practice safety, their babies can be born normal and healthy. They will be told to try and practice good nutritional habits. Remind persons to capitalize on the various benefits they are entitled to and the organizations that are giving out so many free food items. All failing, I would also remind them not to worry too much and add more stress to the fetus because the fetus can adjust his/her metabolism and other physiological processes in expectation of their environment and survive. As well as, research said that mothers who were pregnant in crises similar to COVID-19, conquered through the circumstances and the fetus will adopt to its circumstances to survive in the future.

  16. Marilyn Jimenez

    +Why is the prenatal period important?
    The prenatal period is important because that is when learning begins. Infants begin to learn their mothers voice, the foods she eats and her emotions and the fetus learns from all this information.

    +Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    Stress can affect a fetus negatively because the stress can cause poor birth outcomes and stress is also been known to be linked to higher rates of infant mortality, low birth weight and preterm birth.

    +What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis? During covid-19 some biological postcards that a fetus might be receiving is the feeling of fear, anxiety and stress of the unknown that the mother is going through while experiencing this pandemic, that intern affects the fetus negatively. Negative emotions can cause negative affects on the fetus.

    +Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    A child born right after the pandemic ends could be born with lots of issues. For instance if the mom was sick or had the virus the fetus might not have developed properly. Or if the mother while pregnant didn’t have access to proper care. These children can have issues

    +Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)? For an individual who is now an adult and was born during a pandemic the stress and trauma experienced by their mother during their time in the womb could have consequences that they could be suffering as adults like obesity, diabetes and many other health conditions even anxiety.

    +Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advise would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis? I actually have two friends who were pregnant in the beginning of the pandemic and one has already given birth. The number one thing I tell them is to stay positive and know that they have lots of support from people who love them very much. The one that is still pregnant is really stressed as this is her first pregnancy and I continue to remind her to have positive thoughts and to make sure she stays healthy as much as possible to make sure her baby has the highest possibility to come out healthy when he is born.

    1. Jen Longley Post author

      Marilyn — Thanks for your comment! What happens during fetal development impacts development, health, and life after birth! I wonder if statistics will show an increase in premature births due to maternal stress during and immediately following the COVID -19 crisis? If a mother did not have access to adequate resources that could also impact the postcards the fetus recieves.

  17. nana kvaratskhelia

    1. Why is the prenatal period important?
    During the prenatal period, the fetus acquires developmental characters from its umbilical relationship with the mother, like mood, vascular state, taste of food, smells. And the fetus learns during cultural elements in the surrounding world like sounds, noises, and speech in the native language. All these characteristics shape in good or bad his postnatal early life development, growth, culture and health, and even adulthood.
    2. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a fetus in the germinal stage, embryonic, and fetal stages of prenatal development?
    Doctors and Scientists said even though the COVID-19 does not affect physically the fetus during this pandemic through the parent genetic information transmitted by the ovula and the spermatozoid during the conception step, then the nervous system, nutrition habit, and the environment of the mother will impregnate the fetus all along his prenatal period and will affect its birth characters. Mainly because of stress that people are living during COVID-19, it can take to premature births, low birthweight, diabetes. And in countries with scarce food, newborns can easily develop diabetes due to prenatal decrease of glucose tolerance by the fetus. But also, poor cholesterol profiles can develop in these newborn children.
    3. What “biological postcards from the world outside” might a fetus in New York City be receiving during the COVID-19 crisis?
    Fetuses during this pandemic will adapt to the environment and learn from the elements of their mother’s emotion, and awareness to the danger. For example, the newborn in the COVID-19 crisis, will biologically adapt to excess of care of cleanness, the ability to special confinement and social distancing and reduced consumption of daily energy.
    4. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a baby born right after the pandemic ends (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    Due to the amount of stress that COVID-19 has directly or indirectly caused to people, the consequences on newborn children right after the pandemic can be previewed through the amount of cortisol that the mother secretes under these circumstances, and it is known that acute stress if happened during the pregnancy can cause heart defects, and preterm birth, and if the stress happens during the first trimester, it can cause While a post-traumatic is highly connected to preterm birth than any other factor. Following the autism-like characteristics in the child. In a relative study research with mothers postpartum, we can admit that the effect on newborn can include the stress that the mother lived even 6 to 9 months prior the pregnancy.
    5. Considering everyone has experienced trauma and stress during the COVID-19 crisis, what impact could the COVID-19 crisis have on a adult (imagine the year is 2040) who was born right after the pandemic ended (their mother was pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis)?
    on a long term, if chronic stress results, a pregnancy in the time of COVID-19 time can lead to an altered growth and development milestones can be delayed for the young adults of 2040. Hypertension is also a result of this stress. On a biological level, the food scarcity that might have been experienced by pregnant women for a period of weeks, can bring bad contributions to their children. One of those results is diabetes, due to decreased tolerance to glucose, poor cholesterol profile.
    6. Thinking about what you know about prenatal development, what advice would you give to a family member who is pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis?
    – Staying away from media and excess of information
    – Have a balanced diet and sleep
    – Do physical activity, and stay connected with nature and animals
    – Stay in family environment as much as you can
    – Read books and watch children oriented cartoons, and listen to classical and instrumental music.

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