Step 7 – Kevin Rivera

Student Work

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HjrKPTg2qchVskmyAySFU_HZUfal1I9dZ2sK6pQtXE4/edit?usp=sharing

The population by race in 2019.

This is the population of people living at morning side heights

The graph from below presents robbery rates. From 2001 to 2020 there as has been a decrease probably because every year more people tend on going the police force increasing the amount of patrols. Also have been more job opportunities available allowing those to have a source of income. From the year 2001 up until now so many assistance services for people in need of it.

Welcome to Week 13!

Announcements

Dear students,

We are in the penultimate week of the Fall 2022 semester! This is the last full week of classes.

This week we are focusing on labeling, critical and feminist criminologies. Please make sure to visit Week 13 unit.

I will post the questions for Exam 3 (due date December 18th) sometime this week. It will cover materials from Exam 2 to the end of the semester.

You will now be a full-steam ahead on your final paper. If you have missing steps, now is the time to work on finishing them. December 18th is the last deadline to submit any missing work.

If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. I have office hours today and on Tuesday and Thursday. Stop by if you have any questions on the past steps or anything else.

https://bmcc-cuny.zoom.us/j/3772687009

I can also meet with you via ZOOM by appointment.

charts and tables

Assignments, Student Work

Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization

This study uses data from 2000 to 2021.
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of the Crime

2
Serious crime ratestatisticspropertystatisticsviolentstatistics
Mean9.68Mean6.32Mean3.36
Standard Error0.527636238Standard Error0.444297198Standard Error0.116619
Median9.3Median5.9Median3.4
Mode9.3Mode#N/AMode3.1
Standard Deviation1.179830496Standard Deviation0.993478737Standard Deviation0.260768
Sample Variance1.392Sample Variance0.987Sample Variance0.068
Kurtosis3.646050089Kurtosis2.935394167Kurtosis-1.81228
Skewness1.742226206Skewness1.689538697Skewness0.163544
Range3.1Range2.5Range0.6
Minimum8.6Minimum5.5Minimum3.1
Maximum11.7Maximum8Maximum3.7
Sum48.4Sum31.6Sum16.8
Count5Count5Count5

As per 1000 residents, the serious crimes had mean of 9.68, median of 9.3 and mode of 9.3. The
crime on property had mean, median and mode values of 6.32, 5.9 and N/A respectively. The violent
crime rates had mean, median and mode of 3.36, 3.4 and 3.1 respectively.
From figure 1 below, it can be see clearly that there was a slight drop in all the crime rates in year 2010.
However, from 2020 to 2021, the crime rate is gradually increasing.

200020062010201920202021

Years

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14

Crime and Incarceration

Serious crime rate (per 1,000 residents)
Serious crime rate, property (per 1,000 residents)
Serious crime rate, violent (per 1,000 residents)

Figure 1: Line Graph of Crime and Incarceration

3
0100200300400500200020062010201920202021UnitsYears
DevelopmentUnits authorized by new residential building permitsUnits issued new certificates of occupancy

Figure 2: Line Graph of the Development
As per figure 2 above, the units authorized by new residential building permits increased from
2000 up to the 2006. There was a decrease from 2006 to 2019, but then they hiked sharply up to 2021.
The units issued new certificates of occupancy decreased from 2000 up to 2006. The units increased
gradually from 2006 to 2010. From 2010 to 2019, the units issued new certificates of occupancy
increased steeply but decreased between 2019 and 2020.

200020062010201920202021

Years

$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
$1,800,000

Sales – Median Prices

Median sales price per unit, 1 family building (2021$)
Median sales price per unit, 2-4 family building (2021$)
Median sales price per unit, 5+ family building (2021$)
Median sales price per unit, condominium (2021$)

Figure 3: Line Graph of the Median Sale Prices
Figure 3 above shows median sale prices of different buildings. The median price of 1 family
building sharply increased between 2010 and 2019, and then dropped gradually between 2019 and 2020
before beginning to increasing gradually between 2020 and 2021. The price was highest in 2021.

4
The sale median price per unit for 2-4 family building increases gradually from 2006 to 2019. It
then decreases from 2019 to 2021. The price is highest in 2021. The median sale price for 5+ was low in
2010; from 2010 to 2019 it increased. From 2019 to 2021, the prices decrease gradually. The price is
highest in 2019. Considering the condominium, the prices dropped gradually between 2006 and 2010. It
then increased between 2010 and 2021. The price is highest in 2019.

200020062010201920202021

Year

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700

Sale house price index

Index of housing price appreciation, 1 family building
Index of housing price appreciation, 2-4 family building
Index of housing price appreciation, 5+ family building
Index of housing price appreciation, condominium
Index of housing price appreciation, all property types

Figure 4: Line Graph of the Sale House Price Index
As per the figure 4 above, the index of 1 family building was highest in 2021. The index for the 2-
4 family building was highest in 2019. Considering the index of 5+ building, it was highest in 2020. The
index of the condominium was highest in 2021. The index of all property type was highest in 2019.

5

References

Smith, L. D., Best, L. A., Stubbs, D. A., Archibald, A. B., & Roberson-Nay, R. (2002). Constructing
knowledge: The role of graphs and tables in hard and soft psychology. American Psychologist, 57(10),
749.
Coll, R. A., Coll, J. H., & Thakur, G. (1994). Graphs and tables: a four-factor experiment. Communications
of the ACM, 37(4), 76-87.
Vessey, I. (1991). Cognitive fit: A theory‐based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature. Decision
sciences, 22(2), 219-240.
Ehrenberg, A. S. C. (1978). Graphs or tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The
Statistician), 27(2), 87-96.

step 6 re upload

Student Work

NYU Furman center New York deals with the neighborhood data profiles, by viewing and
downloading the neighborhood indicators. They provide more information in-depth about the
demographics, housing market and the land use. Those indicators helps use in understanding the
local housing, demography trends, identify the customers’ needs and policy making.
Considering the financial district, in 2019, demographics show that there were 164, 514
individuals in the district. Out of the number, 13.8% were Asians, 3.4% were black, 11.4% were
Hispanic and 68.4% were White. That explains that majority of individuals were white and the
least were black.
There were different household groups in the financial district. The group with highest share in
2019 was $ 100, 001-$250,000 with 36.7%. Also, in 2020 it had largest share but at a slight
lower percentage of 34%.The poverty level in the financial district was 6.1% compared to the
16% of the citywide.
The real rent gross median point in the district increased from $2,330 in the year 2006 to $ 2,930
in 2019. In the year 2019, the percentage of the renter households that were at rent burden was
16.6% (most of the renters spent 50% of their income on the rent only). In the same year the
vacancy rate in the district was 4.7%.
The house ownership rate in the citywide was 31.9% in 2019 compared to 31.6% in the financial
district. There has been an increase of 6.3% in the house ownership rate in the neighborhood
since 2010. There were 9.3% mortgage that was introduced per 1000 1-4 property of the family
and the condominium units.
Security is very important in every surrounding. The serious crime rate was 16 crimes per 1000
residents in 2021 in comparison with 12.2 crimes per 1000 residents citywide.

Overall Relation to Dare Project

Drug abuse resistance education is a given program that seeks to prevent use of the controlled
drugs, violent behavior and membership in gangs. It’s my expectation that the crime rate in the
financial district would go down past the citywide. Also, it will be great if discrimination as per
race would end to reduce the stigma among the children.

STEP 5 RE UPLOAD

Student Work

USA-Alaska Crime Data Comparison

Student name: Kieon Holder 

Student ID: 30508632

Advantages and disadvantages of official crime data:

Official data is the set of numerical data and the government and also the agencies of government collect this data. Official data is a form of quantitative data at the secondary level and from surveys at a large scale, official data is collected. In sociological research official statistics is used. Whereas the non-official crime data numerically collect data from both the organization such as from public as well from private organizations. 

Cost, as well as time, can also be saved by the official statistics and these can be accessed easily. Official statistics also give a good overview of the present society. Fairly the collection of data is due to stringent rules on a survey and it is easy for sociologists in identifying the trends.

Whereas there are some disadvantages of official data such as the official data being a social construction. The researcher cannot collect the data for which they are looking.  As this is called secondary data and the researcher doesn’t know how the original data will be collected.

Insights of the crime data compared in a spreadsheet

In the given data, in Alaska in 2013 and 2014 agencies of the state submitted the data according to the definition of UCR but after the full transition in 2021 and changes and transition of Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR)to NIBRS ( National Incident-Based Reporting System) whereas for the agencies the deficiency of data and that is not completely transitioned.

Further, rape data in 2013 & 2014 in Alaska were collected and submitted by the state’s agencies according to the latest definition explained by the UCR whereas, in 2013, in the USA’s crime data, the data related to the rape cases were collected and submitted according to the both the latest definition provided and the original definition launched by the UCR. Moreover, in 1995, 168 murders and other kinds of homicides that came into effect due to the bomb blast of “The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City” are also considered while making the national estimate. Further, in 2001, 2823 murders and other homicides were not included in the national data which came into effect due to an event that happened in September 2001 (Crime Data Explorer, n.d.). 

Further, in the spreadsheet, I’ve shown the weapons used in the crimes made in USA and Alaska which shows that most crimes happened by using personal weapons. The second most used weapon in resulting crimes in the USA is the handgun whereas most crimes in Alaska resulted from using no weapon. This data also helps in identifying and reaching the murderer.

Related to the overall DARE project

This portion of the project will be very helpful in the completion of the overall DARE project as this will provide useful insights about the crimes that happened in the USA and Alaska. Further, this will also help me get further data required and use them in my further projects. I got a verified and trusted source of information to get data in more detail.

References:

Crime Data Explorer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend