1.a) Ideology in my opinion is an individuals beliefs and values whether it is socially, politically or economically and helps guide their actions. Ideology can help explain problems going on in society and also the solution to them as well. Our backgrounds and where we are from also play a big part in ideology as well. It defines whether our views are more liberal or conservative and our attitudes towards opposing ideologies. Ideologies can influence the ways we interact with other people and are always changing over time.

b) An example of this would be someone from a city such as New York or Los Angeles would most likely be someone who shares a more liberal set of beliefs and ideologies as more people in cities tend to be more left leaning, progressive and tend to advocate for social justice and equal opportunity and probably have a more negative outlook on conservative ideologies compared to someone living in a more rural area who may not see eye to eye on more left leaning issues because a lot of these societal issues do not apply to them and vice versa.

c) Ideology can also be used to spread influence as well for example if you were a politician you can spread your ideologies to your supporters and get people to believe in your ideologies which is how new ideologies can start. As stated above ideologies change over time and by influencing people newer ideologies can be found as people debate people with opposing ideologies and talk to people with the same ideologies. This can help shape the way people identify their selves and their views.

2.I understand the difference between liberal and conservative ideologies in US politics as conservative ideology is more private, in favor of smaller government and less regulation making conservatives rely less on the government and be more self reliant and rely on private industries where social class and income is based on whether you “deserve it or not” rather than looking at societal issues that stop people from being successful and would rather roll back progressive gains such as disability and retirement support and minimum wage. Liberal ideology supports improvement of many services and also support benefits that help people out such as minimum wage and occupational safety. Liberals also believe in advocating for equal opportunities for everyone through ways such as healthcare. Liberal ideology also believes in regulating private industries to protect everyday consumers.

3.Althusser believed that ideology was something that was made to trick us to act against our own interest and to control the population using repressive apparatuses which instill fear and keep people in place by using things like punishment to keep people under control. He views ideology as an influential force that is almost everywhere you go that helps individuals know their place in the world and where they stand in it.

1. The “war on terrorism” or “war on terror” is the name given by the American administration to its military campaigns in response to the attacks of September 11, 2001. According to P. Williams the war on terror was a new type of a war since it was partly led by act of revenge and fear it violate the rights of many citizens. People rights were left a side. We can also see this war as the first of its kind as it was mostly about pressure and fear.
2. the “Roving Wiretaps” of the Patriot Act seem to violate a few things including amendments and so the Bill of Rights. First it seems like the roving Wiretaps violates the fourth amendment that protects citizens against unreasonable searches without a warrant. Since it can allow investigators to potentially obtain information from innocent parties using the fact that they have been in contact with the suspect even for a casual thing such as a restaurant being contacted by the suspect. This led to privacy violations of those parties so violates an amendment and the Bill of Rights.
3. Sneak and peak warrants seem like also violating the fourth amendment since it allows search of a suspect’s property without their consent while they aren’t there. It’s done without immediately notifying the suspect which is not respecting the Bill of Rights at all. 

1. The way I understand the Establishment Clause is that it was one of the first freedoms given to United States citizens. This country was established by people who immigrated here to practice their religion. The Establishment Clause today states that the United States can’t associate itself with any religion or church. To make sure this stands the Lemon Test was made, the Lemon Test basically makes sure that no law benefits or side with a religion more than another. This way the government does not associate itself with practicing a particular religion.
2.       Burning the US flag is not protected by the first amendment because the flag for the United States represents the union of all the states. Burning the flag can be used to call the attention of other citizens and inciting violence or opinions that can become a threat. When pro-communist Gregory Lee Johnson burned a flag while protesting he made the government pass a law called the Flag Protection Act. The act struck down as unconstitutional but Congress is still trying to pass an act against this action. I think that burning the flag and recording it to upload it on social media counts as a speech and not just an action. Once a crowd can see it, it can disrupt peace. 
3. When someone says “I’m taking the Fifth” they are exercising their right to not state information that may incriminate them or another person. They have a right to say that they don’t remember. Furthermore, the fifth protects the us from double jeopardy, being charged for the same thing twice.