1. The various types of government include federal, confederation, and unitary systems. In a federal system, citizens can vote and participate in the government. In a confederation system, citizens have more power, whereas in a unitary system, citizens do not have a voice, and power is concentrated in the central government. In federal and confederation systems, citizens participate directly, whereas the unitary system does not allow citizen participation. Under a unitary government, power is centralized in the national government, while in a confederation government, power is concentrated in individual states. In a federal government, power is shared between the state and national governments, and citizens vote for representation. 

2. The US government is composed of three branches, namely, legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is responsible for creating laws, while the executive branch enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them. Moreover, the government is divided into national and subnational levels, where the national level takes care of issues that affect the whole country, and the subnational level handles matters specific to individual states. 

3. The federal government has an important role to play in shaping the actions of state and local governments. They fund affordable health insurance and influence laws. During the ongoing pandemic, the federal government has provided funds for research, testing, treatment, vaccines, and stimulus checks to stimulate the economy. They also offer financial and military assistance when necessary, such as distributing the vaccine and employing military services during the COVID-19 pandemic.