1. The means of production is everything that goes in to making a product, including the labor. It includes equipment, a facility to work in, supplies, etc. Labor, to my understanding is the actual physical act of producing a product and is the only thing that can increase the value of the product. Labor is measured in time and, under capitalism, is exchanged for money.
  2. Value is how much something is worth in market and depends on how much labor is necessary to make the product.
  3. Labor and value are related because the amount of labor it takes to produce something under normal conditions determines its value. Time is money, so if a product requires more labor, or requires a specialized skill that takes time to develop, it is more expensive. If you can automate the manufacturing process it can make a product cheaper because the product requires less labor.
  4. I understand labor power as the requirements that go into being in a physical position to be able to labor, such as food, clothing, and rest. There is cost to maintain those things, so when you are actively laboring, there is a certain amount of money you have to make in order to break even on what you put in to yourself in order to labor in the first place.
  5. Surplus value is essentially additional value that is made before the laborer has broke even on their cost of labor power. This additional value goes directly to the owner of the product and not the laborer.

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