1. The distinction between owner and employees is by the range of income within both classes. The owners live off investments, stocks, bonds, rents, mineral royalties, and other property income. They don’t really do the work. On the other hand, employees live off wages, salaries and fees. Employees do the hard work of labor but are repaid less than the surplus value they make for the owners, which the owners take more.  

2. I think he means that labor is the true source of income to be successful. While money is the pretextual reward to be successful. Labor is the most important resource to depend on to generate wealth and sustainability as long as it exists. There will be supply and demand. The true worth of value relies on labor not the money generated in the end. 

3. I think that class is not an identity as it might seem as with gender and race. On the economic side it might tend to resonate with the inequality of one gender to another and certain races. In that case class may have something to contribute to this issue. Another point is that to target class as an identity has to do with targeting corporate owners who benefit from the struggle of the working class. As they in charge depend on the most valuable source being the people’s labor for their income. 

4. I interpret it as employees and owners both need each other to make a living. This close form of dependency is one sided if there isn’t any backlash from being taken advantage of. As reading 4.4 states the reality, “Workers urgently need employment, while capitalists see a long line of workers applying for any given job”. This is where worker strikes come into act to keep the owners in check with the demands of the workers. This is a somewhat balanced system between both class structures as they need each other to keep the economy going.

1. Repressive State Apparatus is the judicial system of police, prisons, and even the army . Althusser calls it repressive as it enforces rules and standards that maintains order by force. Althusser says it in this way to assert the forces and correlation that put fear into society through sanctions and violence when people don’t understand by words. An example is a protest march in the streets, where authorities show up and tell people to back up and leave. This force of authority is meant to maintain law and order in case things escalate. 

2. Ideological State Apparatus is the programming state of mind that maintains their obedience in society without force. They are the institutions and programs that portray expectations and rules such as schools, family and the media. People follow easily as they see this as normal and right to go by what they see as influential.  

3. Repressive state apparatus uses violence or the threat of violence to maintain control by force one way or another. People will feel expected to obey and comply. Ideological state apparatus maintains force by influential ideology. Such as the teachings of religion, education and ideas that influence the mind to operate based on what is seen as appropriate without having to be under pressure to follow.    

4.    Below is an example of Repressive state apparatus since law enforcement is being used to assert control of any escalation in the form of riots. And to shut down any further advance of the cause that people are protesting about.

1. Ideology to me is the concept of a perpetuated view and mentality of how a society should work. Ideology is a set of beliefs and ideas that a great representative of a group represents. I think of ideology in terms of economic and political ideas in the world. Ideology can be good or bad. Ideology has a great influence on the targeted audience that it represents and tries to reason with. People look for various ideologies that match their ideology in mind in the private or public sector. Ideologies can be biased or based on common sense. 

For example nationalism is the ideology that a country should remain to its culture and ways that differentiate it from other countries. Represented by its people, food, culture, life customs and language which makes the country united. 

Ideologies rise and change over time due to the perceptions of the world evolving and information that comes from across the world. The mindset that we have is the most common ideology we program ourselves to in life. The expectations, goals, and opportunities that we look to achieve are what shapes our way of viewing the world based on how we should work and succeed. This is the type of ideology that affects our way of living. It can be good or bad if we ever decide to change our ideas and ways. 

2. The difference between conservative and liberal ideology in US politics is the role and necessity that the US Government should play in the country. Conservative are considered as right wing and liberals as left wing. Conservatives believe that the government poses a great threat to individual liberty. The government should be limited by the involvement that states and localities hold in power. For conservatives, the free market is the economic force that provides the benefit to most people, but in reality it’s not always the case. The military budget should be kept high for the nation’s sake. The idea of lower spending will result in lower taxes. Life should be reflected by traditional religious and patriotic values. 

Liberals believe in the great role the government can bring to life in the US. Such as giving out handouts in welfare programs. As well as in the economic sector by regulations and high taxes on the elite. Equality is the main cause that the government should be involved in. Meanwhile liberty is the main cause that the government should not be involved in as much. An example is liberals demanding financial aid as welfare aid, meanwhile conservatives think that people should be responsible and strong to depend on themselves without the help of the government. 

3. I understand althusser’s definition of ideology as a way of conditioning the mind. Both as an imaginary state of being conditioned by societal expectations. And operating based on what happens in the real world. You have the free will to follow along or not. This is the way of people going on what is needed to live whether it be unconsciously or consciously as it is in demand to be part of society. People must be checked upon as there is a role for everybody to play in to keep society how it seems fit. For example, going to school 5 times a week for 8 hours is the ideal schedule to learn the basic subjects. This model promotes organization and productivity in a timely manner.