1. The Establishment Clause is part of the First Amendment, prohibiting the government from establishing a religion or favoring one religion over another. It keeps church and state separate and prevents the government from promoting religious beliefs. The Lemon Test, from the Supreme Court case Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), is a way to check if a law breaks this rule. For a law to be allowed, it must: (1) have a non-religious purpose, (2) not help or hurt any religion, and (3) not create too much connection between the government and religion.
  2. Burning the U.S. flag is protected by the First Amendment as symbolic speech. This was affirmed in the Supreme Court case Texas v. Johnson (1989), where the Court ruled that flag desecration is a form of free expression protected by the First Amendment.
  3. When someone says, “I’m taking the Fifth,” they are using their Fifth Amendment right not to answer questions that could make them look guilty of a crime. This means they don’t want to provide any information that could lead to their conviction. This right to remain silent is important because it protects people from being forced to speak against themselves. This right became well-known after the Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966), where it was decided that police must inform suspects about their rights, including the right to stay silent.

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