1. The primary distinction lies in the distribution of power within governmental structures. In a federal system, citizens can vote for representatives in both regional and national governments. Conversely, in a confederation, voters primarily exert their influence at the state government level. Finally, in a unitary government, while citizens can influence regional authorities, those regional governments ultimately adhere to the directives of the central government.
  2. The United States is organized with a national government that consists of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. These branches delegate their powers to state governments, whose officials are elected by us, the citizens of the country. This structure ensures that power is divided and balanced. “We the people” may not hold direct power, which is why we elect representatives to office; these officials are then held accountable by the people in Congress. This system creates three levels of governance at both the federal and state levels.
  3. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government significantly influenced New York’s state and local governments through financial support and regulatory measures. The U.S. Department of the Treasury allocated $900 billion nationwide, with $350 billion for the State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) under the American Rescue Plan. This funding helped address revenue losses and pandemic-related expenses. (home.treasury.gov) New York’s federal funding improved its per capita ranking from 49th in 2019 to 30th in the fiscal year 2021, with the state receiving $1.51 for every dollar contributed in federal taxes. While federal guidelines were provided, states maintained decision-making autonomy. (osc.ny.gov) Governor Andrew Cuomo created the Eastern States Multi-state Council to coordinate the easing of economic restrictions with neighboring states.(en.wikipedia.org) Additionally, the federal government’s regulatory decisions, such as halting funding for cybersecurity related to elections, impacted state preparations and raised concerns about election integrity. In summary, federal actions were crucial in shaping New York’s responses to the pandemic, providing necessary resources while also presenting challenges that required innovative strategies at the state and local levels. (apnews.com)

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