1- The primary differences in the role of citizens in government among the federal, confederation, and unitary systems is how high each level of government is and what role those citizens take. In the federal systems, citizens partake in government that concerns national and state levels. Confederations have local governments in power. Then unitary systems have central government in concentration where it limits citizen power at lower levels. This is because the power structure of the united states is divided to not give power to all one person or group of federal government.

2-The system of the division of power instructs each branch of government which part they are in charge of and are able to discuss. This means the equal power distribution makes it so no branch has more say in what goes than the rest. The Legislative branch is in charge of law making, which means addressing any issues with the law and reworking systems of laws. The Executive branch carries out and enforces laws into effect which means they make sure citizens obey them. Then the Judicial branch makes sure the laws are within constitution and where the law is interpreted. The reason for this power division and how it cycles well is so each part if the government can review the laws.

3- The federal government shapes the actions of state and local governments by identifying information first. In the case of COVID-19, the federal government worked with the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) in order to establish what the pandemic is and what to do to prevent infection and contain it. The research developed over time of the pandemic shaped how the federal government sent out orders to state and local governments based on safety protocol. Wearing masks and having social distancing was mandatory in certain places but laws in local areas may have been lighter due to friction with local and federal government. There were a lot of places that were divided based off political opinion and false information spread. This also shows how misuse of influence with wrong knowing of a subject can do more harm than good. Especially on a state level where local governments can become heated.