1.

In the world of politics, an ideology consists of a primary belief that specific groups of people decide to be a part of. In the US these ideologies are categorized into three groups, rightists, centrists, and leftists. All of these groups have different beliefs that define who they are as individual groups. Rightists tend to have conservative beliefs while leftists have liberal beliefs. On the other hand a centrist have a moderate political views meaning that might be open to both ideologies to a certain capacity.

One example that illustrates my thoughts on ideology is that conservatives or rightists focus a lot on having harsher policies when it comes to laws. For example, rightists are pro-life meaning that an abortion would not be allowed after a specific amount of time has passed while a woman is carrying life. However, leftists are pro-choice and support those who are pregnant, to have the option of having an abortion if they choose to do so.

An Ideology is nothing but the simple concept of having a belief system in place that may or may not divide people into different groups due to their perception of an idea. These beliefs make society what it is. It sets a culture and a standard towards what laws are in place. Additionally, without ideologies there would be no political system in place at all.

2.

In the united states there are major key differences regarding ideologies between the conservative party and the liberal party. Conservatives are a much more serious group due to the fact that they rely specifically on their moral beliefs in regards to principles individuals must live up to. Liberals however, are less concerned with the values of conservatives and focus on the economy of the country. They are also more democratic while the conservatives are on the republican side.

3.

Althusser’s definition of an ideology couldn’t be more spot on. He believes that an ideology is the representation of individuals and their condition or way of living. Althusser also said that an ideology will always exist as an apparatus, meaning that an ideology isn’t just a concept but rather a structure in itself that would be eternal. Ideologies are the life and blood of a society as it deeply embedded in how laws and social standards come into place.

describe how you understand ideology in your own words

Based on the video, I interpreted that political ideology basically are different sets of beliefs in politics that explains what rules society should follow or how they should be. To further explain ideology are basically groups of people who agree on a certain belief. For example, socialism ideology focuses more on a society that creates wealth. 

How do you understand the difference between conservative and liberal ideology in US politics? What seem to be the big differences, the dividing line? Given an example to backup your arguments.

There are a lot of major differences between liberalism and conservative ideology in politics. Conservatives believe that a large government puts individual liberties in danger. Liberals believe in individual rights and that the government should protect their individuals. While conservatives have values that conserve traditional and social practices, liberals values believe in equality and defends an individual’s freedom and liberty. 

I understand Althusser’s definition of ideology as how the government/society creates values or beliefs that we tend to subconsciously follow and believe.

Keeping in mind the material covered in this lesson, describe how you understand ideology

Ideology is a concept of ideas.It’s a gathering of thoughts to help form a particular view or opinion on a particular topic. This also opens the floor for other people, who share similar or even different ideological concepts as you. Now this is where ideology gets interesting to me because ideology can also have multiple meanings depending the term you’re using it in.

How do you understand the difference between conservative and liberal ideology in US politics? What seem to be the big differences, the dividing line? Give an example to back up your arguments.

An example of that would be the debate between liberal and conservative ideology.Liberals today tend to think that government should intervene in the economy and provide a diverse spectrum of social services to ensure equality and well-being for all members of society, though the concept of liberalism has evolved through time.Such as freedom of speech, press, religion etc..Whereas conservatives frequently hold the view that government should be limited and primarily focused at the state or local level. They want very little government involvement in the economy.That would mean they would want the government too impose limitations on abortion and same-sex marriage in order to protect ‘traditional morality’.Or another way of describing it is how it was said in the article, “ Conservative ideology preaches the virtues of private initiative and self-reliance: rich and poor pretty much get what they deserve; people are poor not because of inadequate wages and lack of economic opportunity but because they are lazy, profligate, or incapable. The conservative keystone to individual rights is the enjoyment of property rights, especially the right to make a profit off other people’s labor and enjoy the privileged conditions of a favored class”(Institutions and Ideologies 52).I mean if doesn’t show how small minded and ignorant conservatives are I don’t know what does? They definitely love to blame other people for economical social problems as if 1.they aren’t part of the issue or 2.are making the situation more worse. Whereas most modern liberals think that in order to maintain low unemployment, low inflation, and rapid growth, the consistent basis must be managed by the government. They basically love the government’s ‘help’ on stopping the inequalities in the world.To be honest, I feel like liberals are easily gaslighted by the government, in the sense where I can say “I will cancel all student debt if you vote for me” and a liberal would say “ Hey! I have student debt so I’m definitely going to vote for that guy!” and months later…. guess who still has student debt? Yeahh…see my point?

How do you understand Althusser’s definition of ideology? Paraphrase it in your own words. Given an example

Ideology, according to Althusser, is a perception of power. When their conditions worsened, it would make sense that individuals, as stated in the video, turned to fascism. You kind of need to have a smart mind if you want others to obey you or listen to you. You need to know what to say, when to say it, what concepts you believe, and so forth. Relating all of this to ideology, if you hold a broad belief or viewpoint and persuade others to hold the same viewpoint you do, then that would be the sense of power he refers to.An example of this would be the repressive approach which consults in fear, such as police, courts, incarceration.

3.1

A)Ideology is the your own idea. In other words it can be a personal idea/opinion in an individual, group, or culture. This means that it is your own opinion and that you have your own belief on something. Instead of listening to social media, politics, and having a bias opinion you are open minded an have your own thoughts. Being able to do so you have to be more open minded and have a listen in every perspective.

B) For example you have famous people like celebrities, artist, and actors. With fame also comes love and hate. Not everyone is going to support you living life. So with fame also comes social media so on social media you have people that spread rumors and say certain things that seem believable. With this as rumors start more and more people start to say it and you have viewers like myself or other people that use social media just listen and believe everything that comes off of it. People start not like a famous people because of a rumor so instead of even knowing what really happened or even having any information on the topic you just believe what everyone else says.

C)I understand ideology by listening to the term don’t believe everything you see on tv. This helps me because it shows not to believe everything you see. In my personal life I have seen the closest friends break up because of stuff that was said around the block and instead of discussing it they drifted apart and let it get to their head. So in my opinion I feel that being open minded and not being bias to one opinion and listening to others or even the person itself helps you understand situations way better.

2) Ideology differs from conservatives and liberal in many ways. Both conservatives and liberal have different beliefs and views of society, government, and the progress of the nation. Conservative is know as a right-leaning movement while liberal is known as a left-learning movement. The dividing line between them is conservative believes in free market. Traditional and religious value, and strong national defense. While liberal beloved in progress, civil liberal, and equal opportunities and equality.

3)Althusser’s ideology was basically argued that the power by using both repressive state apparatus and ideological stays apparatus spreads conventional ideology and ensure that the proletariat is in a state of false class consciousness.

3.2

1)Repressive State Apparatus is a timely intervention within politics interest of ruling class by either repressing the social classes or either using violent or nonviolent coercive means .
Althusser called it repressive because of the courts, fines, prisons, army and the police , however it was to analyze the way law operates most of times .

2)Ideological State Apparatus is methods other than physical violence to achieve the same objectives as RSA ( Repressive State Apparatus ) . It also ensures that the proletariat is in a state of false class consciousness . They work by getting guided by groups and memberships to the social order accepting and following rules set by them . It generally shapes a person identity and give them purpose of self to society .

3)Although they both function by repression and ideology and are know and the state power and state apparatus , the Repressive State Apparatus function as a unified entity and violence , while Ideological State Apparatus is a diverse in nation , ideology and plural function .

Keeping in mind the material covered in this lesson, describe how you understand ideology in YOUR OWN WORDS.
Hint: One way to approach this is as follows
a) Describe what ideology is in a brief paragraph (in your own words).
b) Give an example illustrating what you wrote in (a).
c) Write another paragraph (or two), explaining to your reader with additional details, how you understand ideology.

1- According to me ideology is a set of rules and beliefs of a group of people. It is a some ideas that a group or individual is based on. It forms the operating principles for a society. These people believe in these ideas without even questioning why they exist. An example is the Democracy Ideology, which consist in, the government of a country has to be elected by the masses. In order words in the government is elected by popular vote, it has the mandate and consent to lead under its policies until another election. Most country in the world shared the ideology of democratic regime for governance.

Ideology is a group of principles of certain political, social and cultural beliefs of parties. Most people subscribe to multiple ideologies. For example a person who follow a particular religion and a political party such as Catholicism and Republicans, has straight beliefs tie to these two ideologies. As a catholic this person will believe that the main motive for ethical behavior is to love God. They believe in the trinity and virgin Mary. A person affiliated to Republican ideology would support traditional values, no abortion and no gay marriage.

2- How do you understand the difference between conservative and liberal ideology in US politics? What seem to be the big differences, the dividing line? Given an example to backup your arguments.
Hint: try to identify key words (concepts) that play a big role in making someone consider themselves to be liberal or conservative. Then, explain in your own words what those keywords (concepts) mean

2- I understand the conservatives and liberals are used to describe political affiliations in the US society. In addition, democrats are often viewed as liberals and republicans are often viewed as conservatives. Conservatives are partisans of free market, Liberty, capitalism, big business defense. In other words, conservatives think that most service should be provided by the private sector in a free market, there must be less regulation. Also big business or higher income entities should have incentive instead of been taxed to invest more. However, liberals believe in equality, social groups, controlled economy, self interest. They think that the government should provide the services such as free universal health care to all citizens to challenge private health care companies, on top of that high income earners should pay a good part of their income as taxes.

3. How do you understand Althusser’s definition of ideology? Paraphrase it in your own words. Given an example. Hint: you may have to watch the second video again, and find the few places where Althusser’s position is presented.

3- Per the video, Althusser’s definition of Ideology is that Ideology is a system and structure imposed by the ruling group such as government, schools, judiciary institution to control a society in their own interest. They use sometimes violent and non violent method to do so. It causes people to believe that they have control over their lives while in fact, they don’t. According to Althusser’s, people do not act in their own interest but they they are not even conscious of it. People tend to believe being normal means to be part of a group, and/or share same beliefs with a group without been conscious it is not the best choice because none of them are in our interest. People are distracted by entertainments, social media to not been conscious of their situation and not doing anything to change it. An example is that school is labeled as a place to learn how to read, write and also a necessity. But school is similarly a tool to teach people to be disciplined and obey. People think they are free, when actually their freedom is controlled and restricted by force.

1. Ideology is a structure of ideas and values of a certain movement, traditions, principles, and a group of people. There are political ideologies, religious ideologies, economic ideologies, and more. An example can be socialism, democracy, capitalism, and more . Another example that is a major ideology is progressivism which is the philosophy of believing in economic and social equality for those who have been marginalized. I understand ideology to include an array of ideas that builds individual belief. When an individual identifies with a certain belief it becomes apart of their life and daily rhetoric.
2. Conservative and Liberal ideology are different in ideas. Conservative ideology consist of ideas and values that conserves traditional and social practices. Liberal ideology consist of ideas and values that protect personal freedom and liberty. An example of conservative ideology is those who believe in pro life. These individuals do not believe in aborting a baby and also believe that life start as early as conception. An example of liberal Ideology is the right to due process. When an individual should be notified during an arrest of the crimes they are being arrested for.
3.  I understand Althusser’s definition of ideology as ideas that manifests itself through actions. Althusser’s believes that ideology is used to execute power in society. Ideology isn’t good or just bad. The government imposes its ideas, rule, and power to control society.

1. To me ideology is the way that people or a group of people react within their own group and how they react with other groups. There are many different types of ideologies. One of the ideologies that we see and is very common is in today’s political groups. When we think about the political parties in today’s society they are usually broken down into two parts. There are conservatives and then you have liberals as well. To have a conserative ideology you believe that we should do away with government regulation of business and take more of a hands off approach. You also believe that the government should stop with hands out unless those handouts are a benefit for you. You feel that the reason why there are poor people in this country is because they’re lazy and rather have the government give them a handout then.
   Additional detail that I have learned about ideology is that we don’t realize that we are conditioned to these views. The reason why I said this is because we are conditioned to do a lot of things. We are told that we must follow the rules or that we must believe the views that we were taught to believe regardless if they are true or not. Conservatie pass on their views to their children and so on and so on. While liberals do the same and we don’t see that we are in the cycle of ideology that will never change. 

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2. A conservative ideology believes that the government should have less control over what matters they involve themselves in. They believe that we need to have anti abortion laws and that religion should be a big role in schools. While if you see yourself falling into the category of a liberal ideology view then you believe that we need to push for helping the poor and support bills that will push for change. The biggest difference between conservatives and liberals ideologies is that they both are on the far side of what they believe the government should and shouldn’t do. A prime example of this is a conservative standpoint that believes that the government should not give hand outs unless they are the ones being helped. If the government is bailing out a big corporate company that is losing funding then that is okay. But if the government is helping the poor then it becomes a problem. On the liberal side they believe that the government should help out the poor and make changes to the economy that would help bring people that are poor out of poverty. 

3. He believes that the idea of ideology is looking at how a group of people act and what makes these people choose to act the way that they do. A prime example that he uses in the video is the idea of what it means to be in school. Althusser view on school is that no other ideology is able to have this type of control that schools hold over their students. They spend eight hours a day for five to six days. When you attend school you are  being taught to learn, read, write and add. But what tops all of this is that you have to follow the discipline or rules that are given to you. You spend seven to eight hours a day going from class to class that is broken down into one hour sections. They teach you that you must listen to authority, you need to obey and can’t speak out of terms. Every action is being ruled over by the teacher in the room. And when you don’t listen you have to deal with the threat of “violence”. You can be kicked out of the class, your parents will be called or you may even get detention. In doing this you don’t realize that you are being taught to be a submissive and obedient member of the capitalist system. You are being taught to respect authority, your classmates and submit your homework and assignments on time. If you don’t learn how to do that now, as you become an adult you can possibly see yourself subject to going to jail. Thus the purpose of school is just as much as the social and economic order as it’s to learn to read and write. You are pushed to accept authority and you are scared of the violence that will become. And if a teacher does not do the job of keeping their classroom in order then they will get into trouble with their boss. 

1. Keeping in mind the material covered in this lesson, describe how you understand ideology in YOUR OWN WORDS. 
   • A political ideology is what an individual, interest party, or social class’ assessment of government. For a political specialist, it is essential to know one’s political ideology since it can mirror one’s contemplations on the political hypothesis and strategy. A philosophy can likewise be characterized as a bunch of thoughts that are presented by the decision class of society to the wide range of various individuals from the general population. In this manner each political movement or thought typifies a philosophy. For Instance, Liberalism is one of the major political ideologies of the world. It centers around independence, confidence, moral obligation, balance under the watchful eye of the law and restricted government. You ought to comprehend that radicalism envelops both American-style progressivism and American-style traditionalism. ideological marks like liberal, moderate, freedom supporter, and communitarian each have an alternate grouping as far as political convictions in what the public authority ought to in a perfect world give off an impression of being. Although these classes can depict one’s political conviction reliant upon the activity of the public authority, it is interesting to run over somebody that is persuaded by the idea of only one classification. People frequently reach find that they wind up having faith in isolated subjects coming from various groupings. This might possibly prompt numerous social and established conflicts when it comes time to help a specific ideological group. Many variables that can bring about this occasion incorporates the kind of schooling system one was raised with, the locale being brought into the world in, one’s religion, identity and race, orientation, and even income.
2. How do you understand the difference between conservative and liberal ideology in US politics? What seem to be the big differences, the dividing line?
   • The ideals and the composition of liberals and conservatives are fundamentally unique now and again, but these equivalent convictions cooperate to make up the essential system of American political idea. The two of them have similar objectives for success but they have total inverse approaches to accomplishing them. Philosophically, they are in conflict with the size of government and the job that it plays. Some need enormous government that accommodates individuals, while others choose for a little government that doesn’t impede the existences of individuals. As is supposed dissidents will more often than not vote in favor of specific issues that traditionalists will contradict as well as the other way around. Subsequently, the power taken from the concentrated government will be reallocated to the states and nearby regions. While Preservationists truly do believe that administration should be more modest they actually believe that administration should be available, in any event, utilizing the power that it needs to additional their own objectives. A few Moderates need to utilize Government ability to hinder state activities they dislike, which proposes that they need bureaucratic power as well as state ability to be diminished in scope. The contrasting conclusions on what government’s power is seen to be, is only one of various contentions that different the two perspectives from each other. With the bunch of philosophical contrasts that happen between the different sides, it is normal for individuals who have a place with each way of thinking to decide in favor of, and against, specific measures. Nonconformists, for instance, are bound to decide in favor of issues that award more opportunity to people in their own lives. They are likewise bound to distribute government cash for help administrations for the poor.
3. How do you understand Althusser’s definition of ideology? Paraphrase it in your own words. Given an example.
   • Althusser contends that ideology has a fabric existence because “an ideology consistently exists in an apparatus, and its practice, or practices” . Ideology consistently manifests itself over actions, which are “inserted into practices”, for example, rituals, customary behavior, and so on.

1A. Based on the videos and readings Ideology is a persons political point of view in society it’s their ideas and thoughts put together and what the person thinks is better for the government including things such as the economic system. The videos contained some examples about some groups that are called political ideology such as conservative and liberals and their beliefs.

B. An example In the video was liberals and their beliefs they believed that they should recieve more help instead of giving so much out to the military and defense. They think that their budget should be cut and their should be more money for things like social programs, aiding the poor and having more benefits for groups such as minorities women. Liberals see the government as a necessary agent in promoting equality.

c) The way I see and understand ideology is a persons own belief based on their social life and economics.Its not always correct or the same group of people but its just ideas and beliefs they have. These pass on through families for example the video gave us an example of how kids who respect their parents are most likely to continue and agree with their beliefs for example continue having conservative beliefs if the parents have, if they dont and oppose they would be seen as rebellion. Ideology is seen through many types of groups and people can be identify differently such as liberal,conservative, libertarian, sociologist and many more. As I mentioned before the position you are born in economically can play a role in what you believe. For example Latinos and African americans are most likely to be liberals due to most being poor while white catholics are most likely to be wealthy and have conservatives beliefs.

2. There are many big differences between Conservative and liberal ideology in the US politics. Liberals are mostly known as the left wing and conservatives as the right wing. Liberals prefer the government to help the citizens more and provide them with programs and help they need such as benefits and health care services while conservatives prefer to not get the government involved and have less help. Since conservatives are most likely to have more money they believe that the government should tax less and spend less while liberals have less money and believe that the government should provide more services to help to the poor and increase taxes on the wealthy people. Their social views are also different for example liberals are more freely when it comes to people and believe they should be able to do what they want such as abortion and being gay while conservatives point of view on that is the opposite. They oppose to gay marriages and abortion.

3. How do you understand Althusser’s definition of ideology? Althusser argues that ideology is capitalist society in fundamental to social control and education is the right way to trasmit the idea of ideology. He defined two types of apparatus that controlled behavior. The first is called the repressive apparatus. The second one is called ideological . Repressive is when a person has the fear of violence and the fear and what may happen therefore the person follows what authority says and avoids punishment.Althussers also believed that the call of ideology, responding to it is what dooms you from the outset. He called that Interpellation. He believes that ideology is used to keep people under control and for them to obey and have discipline