1.) In Wal-Mart v. Dukes, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Walmart. To justify this, the majority stated that, because the amount of people represented by the class-action suit was so large, they could not all have commonality. They argued that the represented group in class action suits need a common problem and a common solution. Dukes represented women who were protesting Walmart’s culture of sexism, but not any discrimination written into their rules or stemming from one particular person. They also did not all have the same sexist type of problem (i.e. they weren’t all denied the same position in favor of a less experienced male candidate). The majority argued that, because they did not all have the same problem, there was no way that they could solve their issue with one sweeping solution.