1. The primary difference in the role of citizens in governments, among the federal, confederation, and unitary systems is that in a federal system, the constitution gives powers between states and the federal government however in a unitary system, authorities are lodged in the national government. Regardless of how the systems are built, in the confederation system, the citizens are the ones who have the most authority that is because the confederation system is created explicitly by its section governments.

If we look at the unitary system, we will see that the citizens are mainly not active and leave everything up to their central government. 

2. The system of division of power was created so that there should not be one person who rules the country. The system of division of power protects the individual’s freedoms so that it can not abuse its power. The system was divided into three separate branches which are the executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch has its own power. Also, it is considered to be a system of checks and balances where it ensured that no one branch would ever become too powerful because the other branches would always be able to check the power of the other two. (How is power divided in the United States government? 0:42-1:08)

3. The federal government shapes the actions of state and local governments by providing funds to operate federal programs such as affordable health insurance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government has influenced the actions of NY state and its local governments by providing funds and assisting those who had jobs to get back to their jobs.