1. According to Ruth Gilmore, racism has a connection with the principles and workings of capitalism. In many cultures, “whiteness” has long been connected to privilege, power, and domination. Owing to this connection, non-white racial groups have been oppressed and marginalized. “Whiteness” and racism are related by the way that race has historically been constructed as a social and economic hierarchy with white people at the top. Racism methodically favors white people and disadvantages non-white people, therefore maintaining and strengthening this hierarchy. Gilmore seems to be implying that capitalism would stop supporting racial injustice if this racial hierarchy did not exist.

2. Gilmore contends that the criminal justice and prison systems help produce new “criminals” through different means. One method this occurs is by making some actions illegal, which frequently has a disproportionately negative impact on underprivileged groups, especially those of color. Furthermore, once people reach the criminal justice system, they might run across institutionalized prejudices and severe fines that encourage them to continue engaging in illegal activity. Long jail terms, for instance, and restricted availability of rehabilitation programs might make it more difficult for people to rejoin society and live law-abiding lives following their release. Moreover, the stigma and obstacles connected to a criminal record can make the cycle of crime and poverty worse. I share Gilmore’s opinion that, rather than addressing the underlying reasons for crime, the criminal justice and prison systems frequently support the circumstances that encourage more significant criminal activity.

3. Within Gilmore’s argument, “liberation struggle” refers to group initiatives meant to oppose and topple repressive institutions, including capitalism, racism, and mass imprisonment. This fight concerns several kinds of activity, advocacy, and resistance to get underprivileged people political, social, and economic justice. The goals of liberation movements are frequently to address the institutions and systems that support the oppression of historically underprivileged and disenfranchised people while simultaneously empowering them. These initiatives include community development, policy lobbying, civil disobedience, grassroots organization, and unification among various social movements. Liberation struggle aims to build a more just and equal society where everyone may live free from exploitation and oppression.