What is the distinction that Reading 4.3 makes between owners and employees? Owners earn money from others’ work, like through businesses or investments. They keep the extra value workers create. Employees get wages for their labor but make more value than they’re paid for. This shows owners gain wealth while employees depend on wages.

Give an example of each. Owner: A factory owner who profits from goods workers make, keeping most of the $1.64 trillion in value. Employee: Factory workers who earn just $363 billion in wages for that same value

How do you understand the quote by Adam Smith on pg. 28? What is it saying about labor? Adam Smith’s quote on page 28 says labor is the real source of wealth. It claims workers create all value in goods through their work. Owners get rich by taking the extra value workers produce, not from their own effort. This shows labor drives the economy, but workers don’t get the full reward. It highlights how owners benefit from others’ hard work.

How do you understand the argument Reading 4.4. makes when stating that “class structures are built around a close form of dependency”? The argument says class differs from other oppressions like race or gender. Class builds on tight links between groups. One side can’t exist without the other in a direct way.

The close form of dependency means workers need capitalists for jobs. Capitalists need to exploit workers to keep their role. It’s ongoing and mutual but uneven.

Example: Factory workers rely on the owner for pay. The owner needs their labor to make and sell goods for profit. If workers strike, the owner loses money.