The means of production and labor to me is the items used to create goods , etc and the labor is the effort a person puts into their work. For example, I feel like putting together a bed would be apart of production and labor because the process of combining different pieces and using different tools.The labor part of that would be me putting in the effort to use those tools to actually put the bed together. 

2. Value is how much labour(time) it takes to produce under certain circumstances.

What gives value is the amount of labour(time) put into the product.To me the one of the things that make something valuable is the usefulness.

3.Labor and value are related because of the labor theory of value. The connection is that labor increases the value.

4.I understand the difference between labor and labor power is because labor power is what you can do, and labor is what you actually do.

5.Surplus value is the value on top of value workers I feel like it is important to know about it in our social class because it explains capitalist exploitation, the value beyond what workers receive in wages, and the resulting action being taken.