1. Within P. Williams’ essay conveys their message about a war with the focus on terror focusing on new dangers rather than revolving around just the physical destruction that traditional war causes. It differentiates itself from traditional war through a different perspective through not just targeting different territories or military resources, but through a focus on the civilian population and the country’s infrastructure. In traditional warfare, it’s common to have two oppositions facing direct combat with one another with established enemies on each side. In contrast to that traditional warfare, it focuses on factors that are not directly related to the conflict. They tend to gravitate towards unconventional methods to take the advantage of the opposition making the definition of victory unclear and what they need to attack. It makes gathering intelligence and surveillance more valuable, but it leads to further discussion around security being over civil liberties.  

2. The “Roving Wiretaps” of the patriot act causes great concern in terms of violating the bill of rights through the fourth amendment which protects individuals from searches that are unreasonable and seizures. This provision helps the authorities to administer surveillance to wherever they deem it’s appropriate across multiple electronic devices. This can span to an individual’s cellphone to their personal computer all under a single tap to avoid needing multiple court orders to complete this task. While people that support the Roving Wiretaps argue that it’s required to have this flexibility when they have criminals that are extremely familiar with technology, it can lead to a leak of information for those unassociated with the person they are tracking. Using this kind of surveillance goes against the principles in the fourth amendment which protects individual rights. 

3. The “sneak and peek” warrants are described to be warrants that allow law enforcement to complete searches of individuals without notifying the person they are going after. This warrant can also contradict the protections that the fourth amendment provides for the individual. This provision can allow for law enforcement to delay informing the individual about their search which can go against what is considered legal in that investigation. Critics do argue about this practice potentially extending beyond terror and espionage. Through allowing the normalization of these operations, these sneak and peek warrants can raise awareness about the potential abuse that these warrants can cause towards protections that the constitution provides for individuals.