1.Describe the primary differences in the role of citizens in government, among the federal, confederation, and unitary systems.

In a unitary system, authority is concentrated in central government. Federation, authority is divided between central and state governments and his derived from the people. Confederation authority is concentrated in states.

2.Briefly explain how you understand the system of division of power.

To my understanding to have a successful running government there has to be a division of powers to execute the fairness for all people. 3 Government branches. The first being the legislative branch. Where there is two senators from each state therefore making it even more equal for us the people to have a voice. The senators are going to voice what’s in the best interest of their state. The second being executive branch which has everything to do with the president. The third being the judicial branch which has everything to do with our courts. The division of powers had to be done so no branch feels more powerful than the other. When one branch makes a decision all the other branches would have to agree, following a process and as I mentioned having senators from each state voicing their opinion of their best interests for their states, making it fair in lawmaking because it’s not only up to one person but us as a whole, the American people.

3.How does the federal government shape the actions of state and local governments? Write your answer based on doing a bit of research on how the federal government has influenced the actions of NY state and local governments, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The federal government primarily shapes the actions of state and local governments by distributing grants, imposing mandates and setting national standards, which often come with funding attached, thereby influencing how states implement policies in areas like healthcare, education, infrastructure, and environmental protection, essentially “encouraging” states to act in certain ways to access federal funds according to google. One example of this is during the COVID-19 pandemic the federal government were mandating for everyone to get COVID-19 vaccinations if not they were not able to continue working or even allowed in certain establishments without it. This is a perfect example of how federal government tries to control the people. People having no choice but to make that decision of the federal government mandating it because without the vaccinations people would not be able to work and make money to survive and live their life ,so the government make rules for us to follow when they want to shape how they want American to be structured.