Federalist #10 discusses the concept of “faction” and its role in governance. It identifies private property as a source of wealth, arguing that wealth is distributed unequally due to diversity in the faculties of men. Madison’s explanation of wealth and poverty is compelling, as it recognizes the role of individual talents and abilities but can be criticized for downplaying systemic issues like inequality in access to education, resources, and opportunities.

Madison’s core mission of the US government is to protect the rights of property, aligning with the interests of the upper class. This may seem at odds with contemporary views on government, which often prioritize broader social welfare, equity, and democracy.

Federalist #10 supports a Republican form of government over pure democracy, as Madison and other framers were concerned that direct democracy could lead to tyranny of the majority. They sought to create a government that would stabilize and maintain the interests of the upper classes while limiting the influence of those they deemed less capable or informed. Their support for a representative system highlights their desire to balance public participation with the necessity of protecting property and wealth.