1-Reading 4.3 talks about the difference between owners and workers. It mentions a quote by Adam Smith about work. It also explains what class means when we think of who we are and how classes are connected to each other, giving some examples.

2-Adam Smith wrote about how work and making things are important for creating value in the economy. He said that value comes from the effort put into changing materials into things that people can use, not just from the materials themselves.

3-Reading 4.4 suggests class is a social and economic position determined by one’s relationship to production means and economic roles, rather than a personal or cultural identity. It challenges the notion that class identity is solely about personal choice or cultural affiliation, emphasizing the dynamic and structural impact of economic and social structures.

4-Class structures are based on a close form of dependency, highlighting the interconnected relationships between different classes in the economic system. This dependency highlights the reliance on each other for economic functioning, such as the working class relying on the owning class for employment and wages, and the owning class relying on the working class for labor and production