A means of production is the non-human resources a human use in order to make a product. For example, a tripos is a means of production in order to make a video, with the video being the product. There are several different types of labor, the most common type being physical labor, labor is the efforts in which a person gives that is used in the production of a good, or a service.
Value refers to the worth of a product or service. Value also refers to the type of labor being put into a productor service. Value is how much someone is willing to pay for a product based on the worth of the said product.
The relationship between labor and value, labor is necessary in order to make a product valuable. The time and effort enforced into a product will either lower or increase the value of the product. For example, A value of a product would change depending on if you worked on if you worked on a product for 5 minutes, versuse if you worked on a product for 5 hours.
The difference between labor and labor power is that labor is the effort you put into a product, labor is the actual activeness you impose onto something. Labor power is your ability to execute labor. For example, your sleep schedule will either increase or decrease your labor power.
Surplus value is the amount you would pay a worker versus the amount it took the manufacture a product. Capitalist will take away from a worker’s labor by paying them less than the value of the good they produced.