1.The similarities that are discussed in reading 4.1 and 4.2 is the way social class is distinguished from each other in New York city. In both readings we can identify that it speaks about higher ,middle ,and lower class in which are identified by economic status . The difference that I noticed is that reading 4.1 adds educational level to the social class but in 4.2 we can see that it only distinguishes class based on economic states, most specifically your yearly income. 

2.I’m not surprised about this graph because it distinguished brooklyn,queens,and manhattan based on income which is fair because most people that live by soho or west village definitely have a higher income than a person like me that lives in brooklyn .In the graph that Professor Artinian showed of train F we can see that mostly the graph it’s really high in manhattan compared to queens where the income doesn’t go above 50k ; in delancey street the graph gets low because most people that live by delancey street in manhattan right next to the williamsburg bridge live in projects but crossing the bridge towards williamsburg where the Domino park is located the income since to be higher since there’s no projects around that area.( the graph wasn’t working for me so I used what the professor showed)

3.After reading 4.1 and 4.2 I noticed that social class is based more on economic power, basically on how deep are your pockets .I noticed that the wealthier communities are around more prestige neighborhoods of new york city compared to the lower class communities are at lower income areas of new york city like brownsville , delancey street,dyckman ect.This graphs emphasizes how subway stations distinguish economic disparities and social class around new york city.

Anivel Espinal Fernandez

1.In the Federal system power is divided between states and federal government however in a unitary system power is concentrated only on the national government meaning that laws won’t change through different states for example the death row and marriage laws change throughout different states but if the country run on a unitary system those laws will stay consistent in different states. However, confederation is a type of system where every state is independent and comes together to form a national government .To conclude, the United States runs a federal government to share equal parts and make sure there’s no abuse of power involved . 

2.The system of division of power is a system made for no one to abuse their power basically every branch keep the other branches in check.The legislative branch  is made of the Us congress each state have different senators and representatives .The executive branch it’s not only the president and vice president but also the people that work for them meaning that they don’t make decisions on their own without guidance and this is enforced to make sure the leaders don’t abuse their power .The judicial branch decides if those laws passed follow the set of principles in the United States . This reminds me of filtering in the criminal justice system because this is a process made to make sure that no one abuses their power and for the most part everyone gets a fair division. 

3.The federal government shaped the actions of state and local government decisions during the pandemic of COVID-19 by distributing funds/aids during the outbreak . Also, requiring state and local governments to implement policies for the safety of people for example closing jobs and placing a curfew.In NY just in the first week of the pandemic jobs went down 18%.