The Federal system power is divided between national and regional governments, each operating independently in some areas while Citizens engage with multiple layers of government (federal, state, and local), often with distinct responsibilities. For instance, U.S. citizens vote for federal positions like the president and also for state governors and local officials, reflecting their involvement across levels of governance. Confederation Systems you see have Power that resides predominantly with the member states or provinces. The central authority is weak and mainly serves as a coordinator. Citizens primarily engage with their regional governments, as seen in early U.S. history under the Articles of Confederation. Unitary Systems: The central government holds most authority and delegates limited power to local governments. Citizen engagement is mostly with the national government, directly shaping local governance. while the division of powers refers to how authority is distributed among levels of government. In federal systems, sovereignty is constitutionally shared between central and regional governments, ensuring autonomy in specific domains. In confederations, member states retain most sovereignty. you see the federal government significantly shaped state and local actions through policies, funding, and mandates.