1.The First Amendment’s Establishment Clause prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or showing favoritism towards any specific religion. To determine whether a government action violates this clause, the courts employ the Lemon Test derived from the case Lemon v. Kurtzman. This test consists of three criteria such as, The action must have a secular purpose, The action’s primary effect cannot advance or inhibit religion, and The action must not lead to excessive entanglement between government and religion. If any of these criteria are not met, the action is likely to be deemed a violation of the Establishment Clause.

2. Is burning the U.S. flag protected?
Now Burning the U.S. flag is protected by the First Amendment as symbolic speech, ruling in Texas v. Johnson (1989). The government cannot ban it because it is controversial, as protecting free speech includes allowing actions that some may find offensive.
3. When someone says, “I’m taking the Fifth,” they are using their right to remain silent under the Fifth Amendment to avoid saying something that could incriminate them. This right protects individuals from being compelled to say things that could get them in trouble, particularly in legal proceedings. It serves as a safeguard against self-incrimination, or providing evidence against oneself.