Describe how you understand the “Establishment Clause” and the related “Lemon Test.”

The Establishment Clause stops the government from supporting any religion, keeping church and state separate. The Lemon Test is used to check if a government action violates this. The action must (1) have a non-religious purpose, (2) not favor any religion, and (3) not overly involve the government with religion.

Is burning the US flag protected by the First Amendment? Explain by referring to the relevant court case discussed in the reading.

Yes, burning the US flag is protected as free speech. In Texas v. Johnson (1989), the Supreme Court decided that flag burning is a form of expression, even if it offends people.

What does it mean when someone says “I’m taking the Fifth”?

When someone says, “I’m taking the Fifth,” they mean they’re using their Fifth Amendment right to stay silent so they don’t incriminate themselves.