- Describe the primary differences in the role of citizens in government, among the federal, confederation, and unitary systems.
- Briefly explain how you understand the system of division of power.
- How does the federal government shape the actions of state and local governments? Write your answer based on doing a bit of research on how the federal government has influenced the actions of NY state and local governments, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Melissa Boatswain
POL-100
In examining the role of citizens in government, the primary differences among federal,
confederation, and unitary systems become evident. In a federal system like that of the United
In states, citizens engage with both the national and state governments, allowing for a more
decentralized form of governance. This setup gives citizens a voice at multiple levels, enhancing
their participation in local, state, and federal decision-making. Conversely, in a confederation,
the focus is on the independence of states that form a loose alliance, limiting direct citizen
involvement in a central governing body. In a unitary system, power is centralized, and local
governments derive their authority from the national government, resulting in citizens primarily
engaging with a singular central authority.
The division of power is crucial in understanding how authority and responsibilities are allocated
between different levels of government. In a federal system, this division is clearly defined in a
constitution, which outlines the powers granted to the federal government and those reserved for
the states. This framework is designed to prevent the concentration of power and ensure that
various levels of government can function independently while also cooperating.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government significantly shaped the actions of
New York state and local governments. The CDC provided guidelines that the state and local
authorities followed, leading to the implementation of measures like mask mandates and social
distancing in response to federal health recommendations. Additionally, federal funding through
initiatives such as the CARES Act was vital in supporting New York’s efforts to address
healthcare and economic challenges during the pandemic. This collaboration illustrates how the
federal government can influence state and local actions, especially in times of crisis when
coordinated efforts are essential for public safety and welfare.