The similarities between reading 4.1 and 4.2 are that they both show us how income plays a big factor on which social class you fall under. The differences between the two reading were that in reading 4.1 they talk about and show us how there are a lot of other factors that determine what social class you fall under for example it talks about how social class is determined through income, wealth, education and occupation. While reading 4.2 just showed us your social class based on how much you make and where you live.
I usually take the 7 train to 90th street Elmhurst av. The social class that resides at this location are considered lower working class. I am not surprised by this because a lot of people that I know personally that live where I do struggle finically, they barely speak English and usually don’t have education or if they do, they didn’t graduate high school. I do believe it is an accurate representation of where I live.
Yes, I do notice a pattern. I noticed that most of the people that tend to fall higher on the social class status tend to live in Manhattan while people who fall under the lower classes tend to live in the other boroughs like Queens, Bronx and Brooklyn.
Repressive state of apparatus is a forceful way to keep order in the status quo through fear, valence and sometimes physical force. The institutions that enforce this are the police, prisons, army, etc.
Ideological states apparatus is a less fearful/forceful way to make sure you follow the status quo this operates through soft power such as influencing and persuading. The institutions that help with this are schools, media, churches and even our family members. ” No other ideological state of apparatus has the obligatory audience of the totality of the children in the capitalist social formation, eight hours a day for five or six days.” School gets us ready from a young age to enter our capitalist society they teach us about discipline they teach us how to operate on schedules we are taught to submit to authority we are and to obey.
Repressive and ideological state apparatuses are different from each other because repressive apparatus want to keep social order by instilling fear it relies on violent threats, controlling people physically or punishing them. While ideology state of apparatus focuses more on influencing people’s beliefs and identities through schools, family, media, etc. This will help make it easy for people to start following orders from the start since we start learning from a young age at school and through family. The main difference between the two is that repressive state apparatus uses hard power while Ideology state apparatus uses soft power.
This image is considered an ideological state of apparatus because you can see that the hand is controlling the puppets (us) through what we read in the newspaper. The media is controlling the way we think, and the information were allowed to consume.
I believe ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs, or values that form the basis of an individual’s or a group’s way of thinking, this usually helps guide their understanding of our world, influencing their opinion’s, and actions. A lot of the times it involves a diverse worldview that provides a foundation for interpreting social, political, and economic problems. An example of ideology could be liberalism which is both a social as well as a political ideology. Liberals support the ideas of equal rights, freedom, and a democratic form of government. They support policies that often have to do with healthcare they believe everyone should have access to affordable healthcare, they advocate for education they believe everyone should have access to an affordable higher education and they want to combat educational inequalities. Another policy they support are ones that have to do with our environment. They want to protect the environment and make it more sustainable, so they advocate for policies that want to help stop climate change one way is to start switching to renewable energy.
The difference between conservative and liberal ideology in U.S. politics is that one when it comes to the role the government plays conservatives feel that the government should have a limited role in the economy, they encourage the free market system, while liberals believe the government should play a role in our economy that way, they ensure equal economic opportunities for everyone. Another difference is when it comes to economic policies conservatives feel that taxes should be lowered, the government should reduce their regulations and let them operate using the free market system, while the liberals believe in increasing the amount of taxes you pay as your income rises, they believe in providing help for people that are in economic need such as food stamps etc. “Substantial majorities support unemployment insurance, disability assistance, job retraining, childcare, price supports for family farms, and food stamps for the needy, while opposing tax cuts for the very rich and privatization of social services. Large majorities want improvements in managed health care and favor a universal health insurance program run by the government and funded by taxpayers. When it comes to healthcare”. One way I tell the difference between conservative, and liberals is to think about it as conservative value freedom while liberals value equality.
My understanding of what Althusser’s definition of ideology is a system of beliefs and ideas that assists in forming a person’s understanding of the world and what role they play in it. It helps prevent change in the status quo they always want to keep the status quo in place. An example of this is his thoughts on our educational system and how it works as an ideological state of apparatus because here we are taught how to obey authority, follow directions, they teach us values that will be used once we enter our capitalist society.
I think Southern racist politicians chose to frame their defense of racial segregation through the language of “law and order” because this made it easy for them to classify people who were protesting against them criminals and delinquent and this made it easy for them to call the police and use the courts to fight against the people they ” criminals” when in reality all these “criminals” want is to be treated equal.
Yes, I do believe the Southern strategy is still influencing American politics today we saw this being done when Donald Trump became president. We saw it with the Black Lives Matter protests minorities were tired of being treated unfair, so they began to protest. They began calling the protesters criminals and uneducated when in reality they had every right to feel the way they did.
The reason she believes it is deeply wrong is because they seem to purposefully be targeting minorities. ” The racial dimension of mass incarceration is its most striking. No other country in the world imprisons o many of its racial or ethnic minorities. The United States imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid. In Washington, D.C., our nation’s capital, it is estimated that three out of four young black men (and nearly all these in the poorest neighborhood) can expect serve time in prison. Similar rates of incarceration can be found in black communities across America.” She also talks about how people of all colors use and sell illegal drugs, but it seems our prisons are overflowing with black and brown drug offenders. ” These stark racial disparities cannot be explained by rates of drug crime. Studies show that people of all color used and sell illegal drugs at remarkably similar rates. If there are significant differences in the surveys to be found, they frequently suggest whites, particularly white youth, are more likely to engage in drug crime than people of color. She also goes on to state how a white and black person can commit the same crime, but the black person ends up getting more time than the white person. ” In some states black men have been admitted to prison on drug charges at rates twenty to fifty times greater than those of white men.” This is deeply wrong because once you have a criminal record you are pretty much subjected to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives this will make it hard for them to ever be able to live a life outside of crime.
Racial disparities in the rates of incarceration cannot be explained by rates of drug crimes because “These stark racial disparities cannot be explained by rates of drug crime. Studies show that people of all color used and sell illegal drugs at remarkably similar rates. If there are significant differences in the surveys to be found, they frequently suggest whites, particularly white youth, are more likely to engage in drug crime than people of color. She also goes on to state how a white and black person can commit the same crime, but the black person ends up getting more time than the white person.”
I think the phrase is pretty much stating that our Penal system was created as a way to keep control and it hasn’t been seen or done before. ” The only country in the world that even comes close to the American rate of incarceration is Russia, and no country in the work incarcerates such an astonishing percentage of its racial or ethnic minorities.”
