Men hold primary power and dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property within the system of oppression known as patriarchy. Patriarchy privileges men over women and non-male individuals and can be seen in various ways, such as structural, institutional, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. This social structure normalizes discrimination and oppression based on sex and gender, affecting people of all genders and hindering their organic growth and development. The United States has been and continues to be an example of patriarchy, where men hold the majority of power and privilege in society. It is crucial for students to understand patriarchy as a system of oppression, its function, and how it contributes to a gender-based hierarchy in society. By understanding patriarchy, we can work towards dismantling the system and achieving social justice and equity.
Persona. The Society’s personal aspect pertains to people’s beliefs, particularly on the undervaluation of women in this generation. According to my female acquaintances, they feel the need to prove themselves more than men when in male-dominated spaces, as they are perceived as weak. Moreover, they have experienced sexualization in their workplaces. Thus, the patriarchy presents women as inferior to men and objectifies them.
Interpersonal. Accountability for actions and behaviors towards women is lacking in a patriarchal society, which allows the system to remain intact. Johnson argues that complete control over the patriarchal system is impossible, but we can still make choices that deviate from societal norms and create our own unique paths. By holding individuals responsible and working towards societal change, gender equality may be achieved. Everyday language reinforces the notion that men are superior to women, with phrases such as “men are breadwinners” and “that’s a man’s job” perpetuating this idea.
Institutional. Women have various approaches to certain things that are influenced by unwritten policies or rules. These policies or rules are not documented, but they can be problematic. Women face a greater risk than men because they can be overpowered not just verbally but also physically. This can result in people being taken advantage of. It is effortless to threaten a woman with her job by using personal information against her. Unfortunately, these situations often escalate into sexual harassment.
Cultural. Participation in a patriarchal society perpetuates the cultural/structural level of oppression. Certain beliefs, deeply ingrained over many years, underpin this societal structure. In African culture, men are traditionally viewed as providers while women are relegated to caretaking roles, such as child-rearing and nursing. Women are labeled as providers of emotional support and nurturing while men are expected to bring in money to support the family. This normalization of gender roles has persisted across generations with little resistance to the notion of equality.
