Abigail Adams wrote to her husband, John, asking him to remember the Ladies in the Declaration of Independence. Emma Hart Willard found the Troy Female Seminary, Oberlin College awarded the first academic degrees to three women, Sarah Grimke began her speaking career, Mary Lyon found Mount Holyoke College, the first four-year college exclusively for women in the US, Mississippi passed the first Married Woman’s Property Act, Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery, Sojourner Truth delivered her “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech, Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Lucretia Mott wrote Discourse on Woman and Paulina Wright Davis published The Una. The women’s rights movement split into two factions due to disagreements over the Fourteenth and soon-to-be-passed Fifteenth Amendments. The birth rate in the US continued its downward spiral, with women raising an average of only two to three children by the late 1900s. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was founded by Annie Wittenmyer and became an important force in the fight for woman suffrage. Belva Ann Lockwood was denied permission to practice before the Supreme Court, but she became the first woman to do so in 1879. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr found Hull House, a settlement house project in Chicago’s 19th Ward, and the Progressive campaign of which it is a part propels thousands of college-educated white women and a number of women of color into lifetime careers in social work. Elizabeth Cady Stanton publishes The Woman’s Bible, Mary Church Terrell, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Margaret Murray Washington, Fanny Jackson Coppin, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Charlotte Forten Grimké, and former slave Harriet Tubman form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS) is organized. Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first American woman elected to represent her state in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified by the states, leading to the formation of the League of Women Voters and the Equal Rights Amendment.