Student Work

Step 2: Annotated Bibliography

Walkiris Tapia

https://www.businessperspectives.org/images/pdf/applications/publishing/templates/article/assets/2797/PPM_EN_2009_03_Talbert.pdf. (n.d.).

This article focuses on the way an organization called Harlem Mothers Stop Another Violent End (SAVE) which started when the founders lost their own children to gun violence. Their mission is to be able to give the youth an opportunity to have a longer life and helping them avoid the gun violence within the community.  The organization collaborates with a lot of the politicians and government officials, as well as passing several antigun bills. They have also been able to join different organizations such as Safe Horizon, the NYC Minister Society and the NYC department of parks and recreations which are also working on stopping youth gun violence. This organization continues to educate children, hosting community events as well as educational events. One of the statistics that stood out to me the most was “The number of youths reporting that they carried a weapon to school in the past month was 19,000 (7%) and 1 in 4 of those same teens (24%) also reported that they skipped school because they felt unsafe either going to school or being at school”.  

https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1468&context=jj_pubs.

This article focuses on the perceptions of violence in Harlem, the article is mostly based on  

Research and survey responses which was conducted at John Jay College. The survey and data

represented the age ranges from 18-30 in various neighborhoods around the city. The research

revolved around how aware youth and young men were aware of the violence around them as well

as their experience around violence. The article highlights a lot of data including the percentage

of them having exposure to gun, exposure to violence prevention, as well as confrontations. It

summarizes how young men in Harlem report how young men are not willing to contact police in

the event of violence.

https://www.kff.org/other/issue-brief/the-impact-of-gun-violence-on-children-and-adolescents/.

This article focuses on firearm injuries in the United States and the way it has increased within

the youth. “During the pandemic, firearm related deaths increased among children with seven

children per day dying by firearm in 202. From 2011 to 2021, nearly 18,500 children ages 17

and younger died by firearm”. The increase in firearms was mostly between Blacks and

Hispanics, one of the research’s showed how the increase was found in children living in

 poverty areas. One of the data in the article showed the data with different races and the deaths

within the firearms, I can say I agree with the chart because the part of Harlem where I live is

mostly young African American males who are every day fighting with one another as well as

ready to kill each other over minor things.

https://link-springer-com.bmcc.ezproxy.cuny.edu/article/10.1007/s11133-022-09510-w

 This article focuses on how social media contributes to the violence that is happening within

Youth and one another. The article speaks a lot about how social media influences the behavior

As well as perpetrates victims, for example there was a small portion on how a conversation

goes on social media. “She [a woman closely tied to Muderville] gon set him, up maybe…They

get that girl to send you a text or something, all like ‘Come meet me over here. I wanna see you.

Stuff like that. Then when we get over there, they’re all outside waiting for him. That show you

Get caught up”. This right here is a perfect example on how youths now in days, get each other

caught up within situations as well as getting each other killed.  Youth begin confrontations on

social media, and get mutual friends to start conversations as well as having that mutual friend

become the person who is going to have the person killed which is horrible. Now in days youths

get so scared about getting harmed, for not doing what they’re asked of, only because they are

afraid to get hurt themselves.

https://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/Juvenile_Gangs_Needs_Assessment.pdf

This article focuses more on factual crime in Harlem, it speaks a lot on the ages 11 to 21. In the

Last few years youth gun violence has been increasing in Harlem. One of police officers

Statement in the article state “you know a problem exist when children 12 years old are involved

In shootings”. It is mind blowing how a 12-year-old can obtain and know how to use a

Weapon at that age, people selling these weapons out of corner stores and think it is ok to take a

youth money and give them a weapon not knowing what they are capable of doing. One of the

facts in the article is how NYC department of juvenile in 2008, the districts 10 and 11 which

represent Harlem had the 3rd and 7th highest detention delinquency in youths. A lot of the youths

who reside in Harlem, are affiliated with new gangs that are being created and discovered, but

the lack of data makes it hard to discover who they are.

Step 2

Joshua Ascona

https://www.changethenypd.org/issue

In this study over the issues of policing in New York City it talks about the major problems of policing in New York City and the solutions that could make those issues less of a problem. One of the problems it states is that there is a lack of accountability when it comes to police handling a situation incorrectly. One example of this is stop and frisk abuses which were ruled unconstitutional in 2013 but since then there was a large amount of broken windows which is conceived to be police trying to search vehicles without a warrant. Even asking the reason why they were stopped by the police in the first place, learning the identity of the officer, or exercising their constitutional rights can lead to arrests, abuses, and brutality against civilians. The purpose of this study is to understand that even though they are slowly breaking down on abusing police officers it still remains deep down.

https://www.usccr.gov/files/pubs/nypolice/ch5.htm

In this study they talk about the risks of police using sacrificing the protection of citizens in order to achieve law enforcement gains. In the article is states, “In recent years, there has been a growing perception that the NYPD has sacrificed the protection of individuals civil liberties in order to achieve quantifiable law enforcement gains.[1] The department’s stop and frisk practices are at the heart of this highly publicized debate.[2]” This proves that the previous article that I chose also agrees with the fact that stop and frisk are the main problem to the policing problems in New York City.

Policing and Criminal Justice

In this article they show that the problems with policing also leads onto the future of life which is the teenagers and kids now. It shows the problems with how the police affect teenagers and kids negatively. One reason would be by changing their opinion on the police based on the actions shown on television. Another reason would be that the police are so worried about catching crime that they don’t care about preventing it before it happens. These are just some of the reasons why the police are negatively affecting teenagers and kids.

https://www.nyclu.org/en/mission-failure-civilian-review-policing-new-york-city-summary-findings

In this reading it talks about the reasons the police are losing the confidence of New Yorkers. One reason to support this is in the article it states, “The CCRB has historically closed about 50 percent of police-misconduct complaints without initiating an investigation; between 2002 and 2005 the “truncation” rate increased to 55 percent. In 2006 the CCRB closed 60 percent of all complaints without undertaking an investigation.” In my opinion there should be a full investigation in any misconduct case. One reason I believe this is because this will cause New Yorkers to avoid the police as if you ever get into an altercation with them you will more than likely lose that battle. Even if the police officer was in the right when it came to the “misconduct” it puts a bad reputation for all the police officers.

There’s truth in numbers in policing – until there isn’t

In this article it talks about the number of people killed by police in New York City was more than double what they said it was. It is stated that, “the number of people killed by police activity in New York is more than twice what has been reported.” They had reported that only 46 were killed by police when in reality there were 105 identified people killed by the police from 2010 to 2015. It is scary that they would feel the need to hide this type of information from the city. Its scary that they would rather not take accountability for the deaths to make them seem less dangerous than actually trying to fix that problem.