Step 2: Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
Basch, Fullwood, M. D., & LeBlanc, M. (2016). Violence in Advertisements in New York City Subway Stations: A Pilot Study. Journal of Community Health, 41(2), 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-015-0108-z
This article discusses the violence in advertisements in various neighborhoods and looks for a connection. Violence and crime are an obvious problem in the inner city and this text looks at areas that are affected more than others. The New York City Transit Authority is responsible for connecting neighborhoods and people from all over but with it comes opportunity for crime. The transit system has become a hotspot from its unsafety, lack of cleanliness, and homeless problem. It can be determined from data in the article that advertisements that portray violence witness more criminal activity, even on a small scale. The display of violence and or crime could contribute to participation in criminal activity later in life.
Brown-Saracino, J. (2010). The gentrification debates : A reader. Taylor & Francis Group.
This journal distinguished what exactly gentrification is, how it happens, and what it means. It contributes to the idea that gentrification happens when developers come into lower class neighborhoods in hopes of bringing up the value of the neighborhood and making a profit with new buildings, restaurants, night life etc. Looking at the people that are living in these areas already and seeing how they manage with newcomers help to determine the new direction of the neighborhood. With new developments, increased rent, living wage not equating to working wage it becomes a struggle for tenants to remain, prompting new people to come in and create a new version of the neighborhood based on the new income that can “maintain” to reside there. As well as addressing dynamic changes, social and economic changes are happening.
HARTJEN, C. A., & QUINNEY, R. (1971). Social Reality of the Drug Problem: New York’s Lower East Side. Human Organization, 30(4), 381–391. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44125427
This article discusses the lack of drug programs in the Lower East Side and neighboring areas that contribute to the drug and safety problem. On top of all the social and economic issues in the area, drugs are not far behind creating dirty streets and unsafe neighborhoods. Not being able to access proper drug programs prohibits growth, effectiveness, and a constant structure for the area. The growing problem creates unease with the residents of the neighborhood and they are looking for help from the city to restore the structure.
Ocejo, R. E. (2014). Upscaling downtown : From bowery saloons to cocktail bars in new york city. Princeton University Press.
This article discusses the interaction between locals and newcomers in the area in the multiple ways they interact in gentrifying neighborhoods such as the Lower East Side, Bowery, the East Village. Having to cross paths with locals struggling to stay in the neighborhood, their bars, and basic social needs, there is often a class with feeling as though they (locals) are being pushed out. Local bars have a prominent importance in the neighborhoods as they set the tone for the types of life that resides there. As well as the budding new night scene that entices people to come to the area, spending money and driving up the price, likability, and social affect. The low-income areas are becoming the epicenter and want of the upper and middle class, and these newcomers are slowly learning the way the neighborhood conducts itself and the people who inhabit it.
Sites, W. (1999). Remaking new york : Primitive globalization and the politics of urban community. University of Minnesota Press.
This text looks at the Lower East Side of New York City and the gentrification happening in the neighborhood. Changes to the economy fueled the move for people in the neighborhood, not always in a positive way. With the Lower East Side changing so rapidly residents do not have enough time to make the proper adjustments to ensure security in their place in the neighborhood. In addition, it looks at globalization in the inner city that ultimately changed the dynamic of the distinguished area and its tenants. Taking in other factors such as the different races, political parties which lead to different subcultures forming within the neighborhood. Changes to the economic system after World War II created new structures that enabled poor neighborhoods leaving the community to come up with resources within to create sustainability, which was not a feasible long-term alternative.
