1- Chronopoulos. (2020). “What’s Happened to the People?” Gentrification and Racial Segregation in Brooklyn. Journal of African American Studies (New Brunswick, N.J.), 24(4), 549–572.
In this article, Chronopoulus examines how predominantly black neighborhoods have been gentrified in recent decades by sizable numbers of whites moving into traditionally black areas. At the same time, gentrification has contributed to the displacement of thousands of long-term Africans Americans residents from their homes. Some might say that segregation might have something to do with African Americans moving from their neighborhoods. In recent decades, the western and northern parts of Brooklyn have been among the most rapidly gentrifying areas in the USA. This has an effect in Black Brooklyn where majority Black neighborhoods are in the process of becoming majority white. This means that more African Americans are moving out of their neighborhood because they can’t any longer afford to live there. After all, prices are increasing as well.
2- Lees. (2003). Super-gentrification: The Case of Brooklyn Heights, New York City. Urban Studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 40(12), 2487–2509.
In this article, Lees explains how super-rich investors/financiers are moving into neighborhoods to take over them and invest their money. Figure number 6 shows that families with an income below the median income in all of New York City have become steadily smaller over time. Many expressed concerns about the effects of much higher real estate prices and rents on young families with children and also the diversity of the population and the character of the neighborhood. The occupation of entire buildings by wealthy financial industry types has diminished the availability of rental properties. This means that the available rental properties are a lot higher than people can afford.
3- Freeman, & Braconi, F. (2004). Gentrification and Displacement New York City in the 1990s. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70(1), 39–52.
Freeman and Braconi discussed how gentrification has been viewed by some as a solution to many of the problems but at the same time, many are aware of the potential for gentrification to displace disadvantaged residents. During the past decade, many neighborhoods in many cities have experienced gentrification/ a dramatic shift in their demographic composition toward better-educated and more affluent residents. Many cities face fiscal problems because higher-income households have migrated to the suburbs and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Although the rhetoric of resistance sometimes expresses class and racial resentments, the principal concern is usually that lower-income households are vulnerable to displacement resulting from redevelopment projects or rising rents.
4- Operti, Moreira, A. A., Reis, S. D. S., Gabrielli, A., Makse, H. A., & Andrade, J. S. (2022). Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation and Gentrification in New York City. Frontiers in Physics, 9.
In this article, the authors write about how gentrification is connected to residential segregation and is also connected to others such as income inequalities, and racial disparities in health and education. the authors state that the highest inequalities occur in the zones where there is an overlap of high-density zones of pair of races. One of the neighborhoods in Harlem and the borough of Brooklyn have suffered the most due to gentrification because people are coming in and long-time residents have to end up moving out because prices for rent start going up or they get asked to move out by landlords.
5- Zukin, Trujillo, V., Frase, P., Jackson, D., Recuber, T., & Walker, A. (2009). New Retail Capital and Neighborhood Change: Boutiques and Gentrification in New York City. City & Community, 8(1), 47–64.
In this article, the authors write about how since the 1970s certain types of businesses have emerged as highly visible signs of gentrification in cities all over the world. The authors speak about how some residents of certain areas may no longer feel comfortable shopping at some stores because of new management that comes due to gentrification, men and women who are used to getting together on the street to play dominos or chat may be pushed out of their space by social pressure and more vigilant policing, the disappearance of traditional, local stores, and their replacement by chain stores and boutiques, has been recognized as a social problem by many and the reason is that people that lived in that specific neighborhood were already with the business owners in that area and most of them knew each other, but many have to give up their business and move out because they couldn’t afford rent or did not feel comfortable with the new type of people moving in.
