CRJ 102 – 0502 | Criminology | Professor Satenik Margaryan| Fall 2022

For Tommy Shakur, he wanted to be socially involved when he first encountered a gang member at a young age, from being addicted to stealing cause it happened to himself and wanted to create more violence then what he has heard. He was also amazed from the togetherness and how it was a different view then he had before, he was dedicated to be apart of the gang by his own friends but through time, he was backstabbed by his friends and wasn’t aware of the damage he had to go through to be apart of one. He became apart of the gang, but at the cost of the time he had to do, Tommy being under the influence to be a valued gang member by his own group and not thinking about the consequences he also had when he was still apart of the gang and was arrested at 19 years old, putting together the problems he had created upon himself.

Youth gangs are widespread across the country, and they require special attention. Incorporating theories such as interactional theory can be helpful in comprehending the psychological processes involved in gang groups. After listening to the podcast, I thought the social disorganization theory best explains the involvement of Tommy Ross Shakur in crimes and gangs. The social disorganization theory was created by two criminology researchers called, Henry D. McKay and Shaw Clifford, in 1942 in Chicago. The theory states that location and the environment are mainly responsible for decisions made by individuals. The type of neighborhood or surrounding is vital in determining the illegal activities the youths engage in or the ones present in the environment. Shakur grew up in south-central Los Angeles, California. His family was respectable as his father was a Baptist minister and his mother a nurse. Shakur felt like his parents were not supporting his dreams as they wanted him to do something contrary to his passion. Shakur thus engaged in frequent conflicts with his father, who wanted him to follow in his footsteps of being a preacher or a minister even though Shakur had a passion for other things like karate or soccer. It was at this point that Shakur “began to really resent authority” (Ear Hustle 4). The disagreements made Shakur start disobeying his father’s orders. Shakur was whipped by his father anytime he misbehaved (Ear Hustle, 2017). He eventually started resenting authority and got involved in increased delinquency.

            According to the article titled “Social Disorganization Theory,” McKay and Shaw revealed that crime did not happen randomly across the city but was at high rates in disadvantaged neighborhoods adjacent to or in commercial or industrial areas (Ear Hustle, 2017). Shakur grew up in a deprived neighborhood in South-central Los Angeles in 1980, which was surrounded by gang groups. Shakur decided to join one of the gangs after being attacked several times by various gang members at the age of 13 years. Shakur was approached by three young men who began teasing and bullying him. One of them took off his tacos and attempted to defend himself. There was nothing that Shakur could do to protect himself as they were three against one. Shakur states, “I was really mad. I was really upset. So, that’s when I decided that I would join a gang. I was 13 years old” (Ear Hustle, 2017, p. 5). Shakur was forced to make the decision due to his living environment. He gradually started associating himself with a specific person who was a member of the Eight Tray gang. Shakur was impressed by the culture of the gang, including the various gang and music signs, dance styles, and fashion that identified the actual gang members. He eventually joined the gang and was involved in crime in an attempt to impress his peers in the group.

            The second article, titled “Criminology, explanations of the theory of social disorganization,” states that the residential places of individuals are more significant than the behavior of an individual when criminal actions are predicted and young individuals living in the areas learn crime through approval of culture within the deprived urban neighborhoods (Bond). The statistics help to explain why Ross Shakur Tommy was involved with crime and gangs. He was an innocent child, and experiencing firsthand bullying made him learn the tactics and implement them to be accepted into the group. At that point in his life as a young teenager, he got involved in different kinds of crimes, such as snatching purses, fighting at school, bullying other children, and stealing cars. Shakur did all that because he was “looking for acceptance…So if these guys were committing violent crimes, then I wanted to commit violent crimes, you know, more violent than them, I wanted to establish myself, you know, at a level that was beyond what they were capable of” (Ear Hustle, 2017, p. 6). Engaging in crime was not Shakur’s passion, as he only did it to impress the gang members and showcase his skills and capabilities.

            We can thus comprehend that individuals living in neighborhoods with high rates of crime are forced to assimilate into the culture. Failure to be part of the group makes them at risk in the neighborhood as they will be the targets of the gang groups and might be tortured and bullied from time to time. Most teenagers and young people join gang groups to protect themselves from others. Shakur argued that he wanted to be accepted by the gang members, so he started emulating their actions and behaviors. He saw them as his role models and followed each step to become like them. Such surroundings require one to belong to a gang group in order to survive a gang attack. Shakur joined the Eight Tray Gangsters group, whose enemy was the Rollin 60s. Shakur killed one member of the Rollin 60s at the age of 19, which was the worst mistake to do as the gang revenged by killing his brother and mother.

After listening to the podcast, the theory of social disorganization explains Tommy Shakur Ross’s involvement in gangs and crime. This theory was developed by two criminology researchers named Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay in Chicago in 1942. The social disorganization theory states that environment and location are primarily responsible for the decisions that individuals make. The type of place or neighborhood is important to predict illegal activities. Returning to Shakur’s story, he grew up in south-central Los Angeles, California. Shakur came from a respectable family where his mother was a nurse and his father a Baptist minister. There were conflicts between Shakur and his father because his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps in the future. While Shakur wanted to do other things like play soccer or karate. Later, he became a rebellious son disobeying the orders of his father. As Tommy explained, in the beginning, he came from a two-parent home in which his mother was a nurse, and his father was a minister. He was also a middle child which explains why he got into trouble a lot and got a lot of whippings from his father. He eventually grew to resent his father and authority figures. When challenged by others, he decided to join a gang. The gang life provided a false sense of protection and glamor to the young impressionable Tommy Shakur Ross. Some gaps in the theoretical explanation of Ross’s involvement with gangs and crime are; violence becoming a common part of everyday life and disrespect for authority figures, including his father. 

he social learning theory is the best theory to explain Tommy Shakur Ross’ involvement in gangs and crime. The social learning theory is best at describing what happened to Ross because Ross’ socialization into delinquent and criminal activities stemmed from his peer relations. Ross came from a very established and well-structured family. Both of his parents were in the household; they were professionals and devout Baptists; his father was a minister, and his mother was a secretary. The friends that Ross began to associate himself with and befriend are what led to his demise in gang affiliations and crime. Ross recalls the time the gangbangers robbed him of his tacos and beat him up, and from there, he decided to join a gang. One of his close friends was in a gang, and this friend took Ross under his wing. According to social learning theory, people learn techniques or how to commit crimes from their peers. Ross said that he followed in the footsteps of his gang, committing petty crimes like purse snatching and robbery. Still, he eventually wanted to achieve more violent crime like the older individuals in the gangs.

My neighborhood does not have much Technology to prevent crimes for example we have cameras but near stores and business not around or in our building. The very few that we do have is a shot spotter which is basically a machine that can detect gun shots and can alert officers right away. In some apartments doors you will see a ring camera but only very few own a ring camera. Another technology would be officers parking their patrol cars in the neighborhood it shows suspects that officers are around and many would not commit a crime if they see police officers.

Fareeza Mohamed

 “Ear Hustle: EPISODE 2: MISGUIDED LOYALTY”

The theory of social disorganization states a person’s physical and social environment are primarily responsible for the behavioral choices that a person makes. The community is disorganized which leads to antisocial behavior & criminal activity. The social disorganized theory directly links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics; the theory is that place matters. Tommy Shakur grew up in South Central Los Angeles in 1980. Tommy wanted to go to karate but his parents had different plans. Tommy Skakur for telling his story and how it changed him now. 

Tommy was 13 years old when he decided to join a gang. He said it was because of some guys bullying him while he was ordering his food. He was amazed at the togetherness and the style. Which include the dance, music,  style, food, etc. He felt this was something great. He was proud when he got this first jump in this gang. When he joined the can’t his name was Joker. 

 

The theory of social disorganization states a person’s physical and social environment. Tommy was raised in an environment where his parents were very respectful and his behavior was not because of his parents but because it was reflected in the environment. He believes that joining a gang at the age of 13 was the best for him because he will have support from them. They would protect him. The theory of social disorganization shows how Tommy breaks down the tradition and values of his family, by joining the gang. 

 

After listening to how Tommy Shakur Ross got involved with gangs I came to the conclusion that social disorganization is the cause for Shakur’s involvement. The social theory suggest that growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods promotes delinquency and violent acts. Shakur’s was picked on by three people after he got his tacos and when they approached him they proceeded to attack him for his food and for some reason that act led him to believe he needed to join a gang, Also the events of his mother and brother’s killing was a domino effect and revenge act of him killing a rival gang member. There are many other ways he could have gotten into the gang life like from the strain theory, but I feel the social theory fits well. When listening to the podcast it saddnes me how easy he got affiliated into the gang life all because they attacked him for his food.

For this Assignment, I identified the types of situational crime prevention my neighborhood has in order to prevent criminal activity.

1. Surveillance systems

Ring is one of the personal situational Crime preventions I use to deter criminal behavior since it increases the risk of detection. Ring Is popularly used throughout the neighborhood, many homes have ring installed whether it’s the doorbell or a camera system in order to deter crime.

2. Surveillance Signs

While Many homes have surveillance only a handful of homes have signs that say they are protected or secured by surveillance companies such as Ring or ADT. Having these Signs make it more obvious that these homes have security which would further deter any criminal behavior from happening, compared to only having a surveillance system that can only be spotted when you’re in closer proximity. These signs work as a warning sign to those at a further range of an individual’s home since they are supposed to be more visible. This can also help houses in close range because criminals will know that they can be caught on camera even if it’s the next house down since they wouldn’t be able to tell the range of surveillance.

3. Neighborhood Watch

Before entering the neighborhood, you will see a sign that says “WARNING NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH AREA” this increases the risk of being caught and makes offenders aware of increased security. Apart from this warning, our neighborhood has meetings in order to address any crimes or insecurities in the community and potential solutions for these issues.

4. Door Locks

Finally one of the situational crime preventions I have is my door lock which only opens with fingerprints and/or passcode. This increases the effort for offenders to commit crimes since it is heavily locked and secured lockpicking. When passcodes are wrong or unknown fingerprints are used it will set an alarm and notify the app so you know if someone is trying to get in.