Some Literacy issues we have in the U.S are basic reading skills, writing, knowing letters, problems with speaking and listening, and pronouncing and sounding out words.
The causes of these problems are students not being proficient by the time they reach high school, not maintaining a good gpa in school/or dropping out, and kids desperately resorting to crime, drugs, and violence.
Some solutions to literacy problems in the U.S and in the world is treating it like a leak, in other words, given the youth the help and support that they need to learn how to read before its too late. The longer that we wait and allow it to get worse, student will get left behind and be more prone to commit crime.