1.

A repressive state apparatus is the congregation of institutions which functions by violence or, the threat of violence to maintain social order and enforce a class system

Althusser calls it repressive because at the core of it it represses actions or challenges to the state through force. This is usually done in a public and often dramatic way, for example trials and imprisonment. The meaning of the word repressive means to be pushed down or to suppress behavior that is not deemed acceptable.

For example, the police, the court systems, prisons, and the military are classic repressive state apparatus. When at a protest when someone is arrested by the police, then tried in court and sent to prison. The repressive state apparatus is functioning at its truest form. It is using legal punishment to end an unfavorable behavior.

2.

Ideological state apparatus are a bit more indirect instead of using force and potentially violence. They use ideas, beliefs, and values to keep public order. This is done by working through the education system, persuasion and routine practice. Unlike repressive state apparatus. Ideological state apparatus shapes, our world view internally by persuading us into the role of a model: student, worker, citizen, etc. by making us believe that this is normal and natural—on the same level as common sense. Instead of forcing us, their main goal is to make us want to comply

3.

The difference between them lies within their motive, operation, and the structure. The repressive apparatus uses violence and coercion to ensure compliance, while the ideological state apparatus functions by teaching norms in schools and promoting values in social media, shaping our belief from the inside, making it feel natural, not forced.

4. An example of ideological state apparatus