There is a lot of misunderstanding when it comes to the word patriarchy. Most people believe patriarchy refers to the men in power, and not the system that instates men as the head of the family, society and ultimately the country. Any criticism against the patriarchy then turns into an attack against all men. I mean it seems fair enough. Since patriarchy seems to work for the benefit of men, why shouldn’t we blame all men? What we must remember, however, is that patriarchy is upheld by the participation of all members of the society, whether it be willing, coerced or forced. Pinning the system to only one faction of the society blindsides us from the bigger issue and makes other factions look inconsequential in the running of the system. This would mean that there is nothing any of us (except the men in power) can do to change the system. As we all know, this isn’t quite the case. If it was, women would still not be allowed to vote, and there would’ve been no progress in terms of gender equality.
Similarly, patriarchy isn’t solely the difference in personalities between men and women. While the effects of patriarchy can be seen on a personal level, it isn’t an individual entity. When we fail to look at it as the system it is, we are unable to solve the problems patriarchy causes on an institutional level. Like Allan Johnson says in Patriarchy, The System, “If we see patriarchy as nothing more than men’s and women’s individual personalities, motivations, and behavior, then it won’t occur to us to ask about larger contexts—such as institutions like the family, religion, and the economy—and how people’s lives are shaped in relation to them.” As such, we may explain why a specific crime was committed by a specific man. However, we will not be able to address why men are the perpetrators of most violent crime. This is where the levels of oppression (namely, personal, interpersonal, institutional and cultural/structural) come to play.
On a personal level, a man may physically abuse women because he considers women to be weaker and insignificant than men. This can then be seen on an interpersonal level by his interactions (language, actions and behaviors). He may be used to referring to women as “b*tches”, or other dehumanizing terms, in conversations. These behaviors may then be encouraged on an institutional level. Laws that restrict women’s bodily autonomy, policies that imply that men have more value than women in the workforce can further perpetuate the idea that women are inferior to men. These sexist notions may be further imposed on a cultural/structural level. Subscribing to religious/ cultural beliefs that measures a woman’s worth by how submissive and docile they are , or being raised in a society that rewards “toughness” and brutality in men can help validate abuse against women. In this way, we can see how patriarchy works on different levels and how these levels influence each other. Patriarchy is not an individual entity, it is a system that exists beyond the personal. That being said, just like how patriarchy can shape the way we interact in the society, the way we interact in the society can, in turn, sustain or challenge patriarchy.